reins
concameration
vaultlike
vaultful
envault
camerate
barrel vault
ribbed vault
vaultable
cove
pendentive
pole-vault
cross springer
cross-vaulting
Chusovitina
cross vault
groin
sail vault
bivaulted
intrados
concamerate
charnel
vaulting
charnel house
surbasement
center
leapfrog
upstack
groin vault
double barrel vault
concave
groined vault
web
abutment
infraumbilical
subumbilical
headstone
keystone
key
vault
vaulted
domed
jack-knife
cameration
ossature
rackwork
pole-vaulting
drift
surbase
severy
voussoir
bolt
base
bay
skip
vaulting school
rib
outside clinch
mudhook
echometry
renal medulla
midshaft
niche
wedge
fan tracery
vaulting horse
catabasion
buck
rampant
diadem
mount
Produnova
setting
supercanopy
templon
curule
staddle
downstack
anchorage
alfiz
pry
underbind
springer
vaultedly
sally port
dado
auto-blocking belay device
pulley shell
guide plate
feathering
inside clinch
repository
monument
vaultlike
vaultable
bivaulted
infraumbilical
subumbilical
vaulted
domed
rampant
curule
vaultedly
reins
concameration
vaultful
barrel vault
ribbed vault
cove
pendentive
cross springer
cross-vaulting
Chusovitina
cross vault
groin
sail vault
intrados
charnel
vaulting
charnel house
surbasement
center
upstack
groin vault
double barrel vault
concave
groined vault
web
abutment
headstone
keystone
key
jack-knife
cameration
ossature
rackwork
pole-vaulting
drift
surbase
severy
voussoir
bolt
base
bay
skip
vaulting school
rib
outside clinch
mudhook
echometry
renal medulla
midshaft
niche
wedge
fan tracery
vaulting horse
catabasion
buck
diadem
mount
Produnova
setting
supercanopy
templon
staddle
downstack
anchorage
alfiz
springer
sally port
dado
auto-blocking belay device
pulley shell
guide plate
feathering
inside clinch
repository
monument
envault
camerate
pole-vault
concamerate
leapfrog
vault
pry
underbind
noun
- A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling.
- A thin line, sometimes gilded, along a yacht's strake below deck level.
- A recess or sheltered area on the slopes of a mountain.
- A hollow in a rock; a cave or cavern.
- The wooden roof of the stern gallery of an old sailing warship.
- A strip of prairie extending into woodland.
- A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds.
- A friend; a mate.
verb
noun
noun
- A temporary structure upon which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position until the work becomes self-supporting.
- A player who can go all over the court, except the shooting circles.
- The middle portion of something; the part well away from the edges.
- One of the two conical steel pins in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is held, and about which it revolves.
- The ring in the gambling game two-up in which the spinner operates.
- The subgroup (respectively, subring), denoted Z(G), of those elements of a given group (respectively, ring) G that commute with every element of G.
- The point in the interior of a circle that is equidistant from all points on the circumference.
- The point on a line that is midway between the ends.
- The point in the interior of a sphere that is equidistant from all points on the circumference.
- A topic that is particularly important in a given context, the element in a subject of cognition, volition or discussion that is perceived as decisive.
- A place, especially a building or complex, set aside for some specified function or activity.
- The ensemble of moderate or centrist political parties.
- A conical recess or indentation in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.
- A pass played into the centre of the pitch.
- The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).
- The venue in which the head of government in a centralized state is situated.
- The forward that generally plays between the left wing and right wing and usually takes the faceoffs.
- The player, generally the tallest, who plays closest to the basket.
- The person who holds the ball at the beginning of each play.
- One of the backs operating in a central area of the pitch, either the inside centre or outside centre.
adj
verb
- To give (something) a central basis.
- To concentrate on (something), to pay close attention to (something).
- To cause (an object) to occupy the center of an area.
- To form a recess or indentation for the reception of a center.
- To cause (some attribute, such as a mood or voltage) to be adjusted to a value which is midway between the extremes.
noun
- The vault of the sky.
- A playing card made concave for use in cheating.
- One of the celestial spheres of the Ptolemaic or geocentric model of the world.
- An indentation running along the base of a surfboard, intended to increase lift.
- An element of a curved grid used to separate desirable material from tailings or chaff in mining and harvesting.
- An indented area on the top of a skateboard, providing a position for foot placement and increasing board strength.
- A concave surface or curve.
verb
adj
noun
- A section of a groin vault, separated by ribs.
- A long sheet of paper which is fed from a roll into a printing press, as opposed to individual sheets of paper.
- The thinner vertical section of a railway rail between the top (head) and bottom (foot) of the rail.
- The blade of a saw.
- The blade of a sword.
- The part of a baseball mitt between the forefinger and thumb, the webbing.
- A continuous strip of material carried by rollers during processing.
- The thin, sharp part of a colter.
- The interconnection between flanges in structural members, increasing the effective lever arm and so the load capacity of the member.
- A thin metal sheet, plate, or strip, as of lead.
- The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers.
- The bit of a key.
- The silken structure which a spider builds using silk secreted from the spinnerets at the caudal tip of its abdomen; a spiderweb.
- Any interconnected set of persons, places, or things, which, when diagrammed, resembles a spider's web.
- A latticed or woven structure.
- A fold of tissue connecting the toes of certain birds, or of other animals.
- A tall tale with more complexity than a myth or legend.
- A plot or scheme.
verb
noun
- The solid portion of a structure that supports the lateral pressure of an arch or vault.
- A construction that supports the ends of a bridge; a structure that anchors the cables on a suspension bridge.
- The part of a valley or canyon wall against which a dam is constructed.
- A fixed point or surface where resistance is obtained.
- The point of junction between two things, in particular a support, that abuts.
- That element that shares a common boundary or surface with its neighbor.
- The tooth that supports a denture or bridge.
- Something that abuts, or on which something abuts.
- The state of abutting.
noun
- the central building block at the top of an arch or vault
- metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated
- something crucial for explaining
- pitch of the voice
- any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music
- a kilogram of a narcotic drug
- a winged often one-seed indehiscent fruit as of the ash or elm or maple
- a coral reef off the southern coast of Florida
- (basketball) a space (including the foul line) in front of the basket at each end of a basketball court; usually painted a different color from the rest of the court
- a list of answers to a test
- a list of words or phrases that explain symbols or abbreviations
- a generic term for any device whose possession entitles the holder to a means of access
- mechanical device used to wind another device that is driven by a spring (as a clock)
- a lever (as in a keyboard) that actuates a mechanism when depressed
verb
- identify as in botany or biology, for example
- provide with a key
- vandalize a car by scratching the sides with a key
- regulate the musical pitch of
- harmonize with or adjust to
adj
verb
noun
- A piece of apparatus used for performing jumps.
- Any cellar or underground storeroom.
- An arched masonry structure supporting and forming a ceiling, whether freestanding or forming part of a larger building.
- Any archive of past content.
- Any arched ceiling or roof.
- Anything resembling such a downward-facing concave structure, particularly the sky and caves.
- The space covered by an arched roof, particularly underground rooms and (Christianity, obsolete) church crypts.
- An encrypted digital archive.
- The secure room or rooms in or below a bank used to store currency and other valuables; similar rooms in other settings.
- An act of vaulting, formerly (chiefly) by deer; a leap or jump.
- Any burial chamber, particularly those underground.
- An event or performance involving a vaulting horse.
- A gymnastic movement performed on this apparatus.
- Synonym of volte: a circular movement by the horse.
noun
- The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments.
- Driftwood included in flotsam washed up onto the beach.
- The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.
- A place (a ford) along a river where the water is shallow enough to permit crossing to the opposite side.
- The distance between the two blocks of a tackle.
- A sideways movement of the ball through the air, when bowled by a spin bowler.
- Slow, cumulative change.
- A passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel.
- In New Forest National Park, UK, the bi-annual round-up of wild ponies in order to be sold.
- A collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface, especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the retreat of continental glaciers, such as that which buries former river valleys and creates young river valleys.
- A slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; a broach.
- The place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with a scroll, or driftpiece.
- A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., especially by wind or water.
- A tool used to insert or extract a removable pin made of metal or hardwood, for the purpose of aligning and/or securing two pieces of material together.
- The angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the meridian, in drifting.
- The difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven, or between the circumference of a hoop and that of the mast on which it is to be driven.
- That which is driven, forced, or urged along.
- The distance through which a current flows in a given time.
- Course or direction along which anything is driven; setting.
- A tool used to pack down the composition contained in a rocket, or like firework.
- A deviation from the line of fire, peculiar to obloid projectiles.
- Minor deviation of audio or video playback from its correct speed.
- The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.
- The situation where a performer gradually and unintentionally moves from their proper location within the scene.
- The distance a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes.
- Anything driven at random.
- A drove or flock, as of cattle, sheep, birds.
verb
- To deviate gently from the intended direction of travel.
- To move slowly, especially pushed by currents of water, air, etc.
- To move haphazardly without any destination.
- To drive or carry, as currents do a floating body.
- To drive into heaps.
- To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps.
- To make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; to prospect.
- To oversteer a vehicle, causing loss of traction, while maintaining control from entry to exit of a corner. See Drifting (motorsport).
- To enlarge or shape, as a hole, with a drift.
noun
- A sliding pin or bar in a lock or latch mechanism.
- A small personal-armour-piercing missile for short-range use, or (in common usage though deprecated by experts) a short arrow, intended to be shot from a crossbow or a catapult.
- The standard linear measurement of canvas for use at sea: 39 yards.
- A sieve, especially a long fine sieve used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter.
- A sliding mechanism to chamber and unchamber a cartridge in a firearm.
- A sudden flight, as to escape creditors.
- A (usually) metal fastener consisting of a cylindrical body that is threaded, with a larger head on one end. It can be inserted into an unthreaded hole up to the head, with a nut then threaded on the other end; a heavy machine screw.
- A refusal to support a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected; a breaking away from one's party.
- A stalk or scape (of garlic, onion, etc).
- A burst of speed or efficiency.
- A bar of wood or metal dropped in horizontal hooks on a door and adjoining wall or between the two sides of a double door, to prevent the door(s) from being forced open.
- A lightning spark, i.e., a lightning bolt.
- An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter.
- A sudden event, action or emotion.
- A large roll of fabric or similar material, as a bolt of cloth.
- A sudden spring or start; a sudden leap aside.
adv
verb
- To produce flower stalks and flowers or seeds quickly or prematurely; to form a bolt (stalk or scape); to go to seed.
- To discuss or argue privately, and for practice, as cases at law.
- To escape.
- To sift, especially through a cloth.
- To cause to start or spring forth; to dislodge (an animal being hunted).
- To flee, to depart, to accelerate suddenly.
- To sift the bran and germ from wheat flour.
- To connect or assemble pieces using a bolt.
- To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw out.
- To secure a door by locking or barring it.
- To swallow food without chewing it.
- To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt.
- To drink one's drink very quickly; to down a drink.
- To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or caucus with which one has been connected; to break away from a party.
- To separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means.
noun
- The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement.
- A basic but essential component or ingredient.
- Foundation: a cosmetic cream to make the face appear uniform.
- A topological space, looked at in relation to one of its covering spaces, fibrations, or bundles.
- The smallest kind of cannon.
- A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.
- The forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life.
- The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).
- Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
- A safe zone in the children's games of tag and hide-and-go-seek.
- The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
- freebase cocaine
- A nucleotide's nucleobase in the context of a DNA or RNA biopolymer.
- The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.
- In hand-to-hand balance, the person who supports the flyer; the person that remains in contact with the ground.
- A group of voters who almost always support a single party's candidates for elected office.
- A substance used as a mordant in dyeing.
- A material that holds paint or other materials together; a binder.
- A number raised to the power of an exponent.
- A supporting, lower or bottom component of a structure or object.
- Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.
- The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ where it is attached to its support.
- A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mail or other armour) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.
- A sequence of elements not jointly stabilized by any nontrivial group element.
- A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.
- Synonym of radix.
- The game of prisoners' bars.
- The lowest third of a shield or escutcheon.
- The lower part of the field. See escutcheon.
- The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.
- A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.
- One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.
- The set of sets from which a topology is generated.
adj
- Low in place or position.
- Morally reprehensible, immoral; cowardly.
- Not held by honourable service.
- Not considered precious or noble.
- Not classical or correct.
- Alloyed with inferior metal; debased.
verb
noun
- The distance between two supports in a vault or building with a pitched roof.
- An internal recess; a compartment or area surrounded on three sides.
- A brown colour/color of the coat of some horses.
- Laurus nobilis, a tree or shrub of the family Lauraceae, having dark green leaves and berries.
- A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeche in Mexico.
- An opening in a wall, especially between two columns.
- A state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty, when escape has become impossible.
- A body of water (especially the sea) more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land.
- Each of the spaces, port and starboard, between decks, forward of the bitts, in sailing warships.
- Bay leaf, the leaf of this or certain other species of tree or shrub, used as a herb.
- A bay platform.
- A bay window.
- The excited howling of dogs when hunting or being attacked.
- A horse of this color.
- A bank or dam to keep back water.
- The climactic confrontation between hunting-dogs and their prey.
- A tract covered with bay trees.
verb
- To howl.
- To pursue noisily, like a pack of hounds.
- To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay.
adj
noun
- A skep, or basket, such as a creel or a handbasket.
- A large open-topped container for waste, designed to be lifted onto the back of a truck to remove it along with its contents. (see also skep).
- A college servant.
- A skip car.
- The player who calls the shots and traditionally throws the last two rocks.
- An Australian of Anglo-Celtic descent.
- A leaping, jumping or skipping movement.
- The scoutmaster of a troop of scouts (youth organization) and their form of address to him.
- The act of passing over an interval from one thing to another; an omission of a part.
- A wheeled basket used in cotton factories.
- A person who attempts to disappear so as not to be found.
- A charge of syrup in the pans.
- A passage from one sound to another by more than a degree at once.
- skywave propagation
- The captain of a sports team. Also, a form of address by the team to the captain.
- The captain of a bowls team, who directs the team's tactics and rolls the side's last wood, so as to be able to retrieve a difficult situation if necessary.
- A beehive.
- A transportation container in a mine, usually for ore or mullock.
verb
- To move by hopping on alternate feet.
- To cause the stylus to jump back to the previous loop of the record's groove, continously repeating that part of the sound, as a result of excessive scratching or wear.
- To skim, ricochet or bounce over a surface.
- To pass by a stitch as if it were not there, continuing with the next stitch.
- To place an item in a skip (etymology 2, sense 1).
- To throw (something), making it skim, ricochet, or bounce over a surface.
- To disregard, miss or omit part of a continuation (some item or stage).
- To have insufficient ink transfer.
- To leap about lightly.
- Not to attend (some event, especially a class or a meeting).
- To jump rope.
- To leave, especially in a sudden and covert manner.
- To leap lightly over.
noun
- a projecting molding on the underside of a vault or ceiling; may be ornamental or structural
- support resembling the rib of an animal
- any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)
- cut of meat including one or more ribs
- a teasing remark
- a riblike supporting or strengthening part of an animal or plant
verb
noun
- A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament.
- Specifically, a cremation niche; a columbarium.
- Any position of opportunity for which one is well-suited, such as a particular market in business.
- Any similar position, literal or figurative.
- A function within an ecological system to which an organism is especially suited.
- An arrow woven into a prayer rug pointing in the direction of qibla.
verb
adj
noun
- A voussoir, one of the wedge-shaped blocks forming an arch or vault.
- A háček.
- The person whose name stands lowest on the list of the classical tripos.
- A piece (of food, metal, wood etc.) having this shape.
- A five-sided polyhedron with a rectangular base, two rectangular or trapezoidal sides meeting in an edge, and two triangular ends.
- A barometric ridge; an elongated region of high atmospheric pressure between two low-pressure areas.
- A quantity of money.
- The IPA character ʌ, which denotes an open-mid back unrounded vowel.
- A wedge tornado.
- One of the basic elements that make up cuneiform writing, a single triangular impression made with the corner of a reed stylus.
- A group of geese, swans, or other birds when they are in flight in a V formation.
- One of a pair of wedge-heeled shoes.
- A sandwich made on a long, cylindrical roll.
- A type of iron club used for short, high trajectories.
- The symbol ∧, denoting a meet (infimum) operation or logical conjunction.
- One of the simple machines; a piece of material, such as metal or wood, thick at one edge and tapered to a thin edge at the other for insertion in a narrow crevice, used for splitting, tightening, securing, or levering.
- A hairpin, an elongated horizontal V-shaped sign indicating a crescendo or decrescendo.
- Something that creates a division, gap or distance between things.
- A market trend characterized by a contracting range in prices coupled with an upward trend in prices (a rising wedge) or a downward trend in prices (a falling wedge).
verb
- To support or secure using a wedge.
- To force or drive with a wedge.
- Of a computer program or system: to get stuck in an unresponsive state.
- To pack (people or animals) together tightly into a mass.
- To cleave with a wedge.
- To shape into a wedge.
- To force into a narrow gap.
- To work wet clay by cutting or kneading for the purpose of homogenizing the mass and expelling air bubbles.
noun
- A leather-covered frame used for gymnastic vaulting.
- The cloth or clothes soaked or washed.
- A wood or metal frame used by automotive customizers and restorers to assist in the shaping of sheet metal bodywork.
- An uncastrated sheep, a ram.
- A rand (currency unit).
- A frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck.
- Size.
- A male deer, antelope, sheep, goat, rabbit, hare, and sometimes the male of other animals such as the hamster, ferret and shad.
- A euro.
- Synonym of mule (“type of cocktail with ginger ale etc.”)
- One hundred.
- The body of a post mill, particularly in East Anglia. See Wikipedia:Windmill machinery.
- The beech tree.
- Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.
- One million dollars.
- The body of a cart or waggon, especially the front part.
- Belly, breast, chest.
- A young buck; an adventurous, impetuous, dashing, or high-spirited young man.
- Money.
- A dollar (one hundred cents).
verb
- To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water.
- To overcome or shed (e.g., an impediment or expectation), in pursuit of a goal; to force a way through despite (an obstacle); to resist or proceed against.
- To move or operate in a sharp, jerking, or uneven manner.
- To copulate, as bucks and does.
- To output a voltage that is lower than the input voltage.
- To resist obstinately; oppose or object strongly.
- To break up or pulverize, as ores.
- To subject to a mode of punishment which consists of tying the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees.
- To press a reinforcing device (bucking bar) against (the force of a rivet) in order to absorb vibration and increase expansion.
- To fuck.
- To throw (a rider or pack) by bucking.
- To bend; buckle.
- To saw a felled tree into shorter lengths, as for firewood.
- To swell out.
- To soak, steep or boil in lye or suds, as part of the bleaching process.
- To leap upward arching its back, coming down with head low and forelegs stiff, forcefully kicking its hind legs upward, often in an attempt to dislodge or throw a rider or pack.
adj
- Tilted, said of an arch with one side higher than the other, or a vault whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane.
- Rearing on both hind legs with the forelegs extended.
- Rearing up, especially on its hind leg(s), with a foreleg raised and in profile.
- Unrestrained or unchecked, usually in a negative manner.
- Rife, or occurring widely, frequently or menacingly.
adv
noun
- a mounting consisting of a piece of metal (as in a ring or other jewelry) that holds a gem in place
- a lightweight horse kept for riding only
- the act of climbing something
- a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
- something forming a back that is added for strengthening
verb
noun
name
noun
- a mounting consisting of a piece of metal (as in a ring or other jewelry) that holds a gem in place
- the context and environment in which something is set
- the state of the environment in which a situation exists
- arrangement of scenery and properties to represent the place where a play or movie is enacted
- the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event
- the physical position of something
- a table service for one person
noun
- That into which something is anchored or fastened.
- The set of anchors belonging to a ship.
- Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust.
- The retreat of a hermit, or anchorite.
- A harbor, river, or offshore area that can accommodate a ship at anchor, either for quarantine, queuing, or discharge.
- The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.
- The surgical fixation of prolapsed organs.
- A fee charged for anchoring.
verb
- To use leverage to open, raise, or widen (something); to prise or prize.
- To inquire into something that does not concern one; to be nosy; to snoop.
- Usually followed by out (of): to draw out or get (information, etc.) with effort.
- To peer closely and curiously, especially at something closed or not public.
noun
verb
English words for 'The parts of a vault between the crown and the spring or abutment, including, and having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the shell of the vault.'
As you may have noticed, above you will find words for "The parts of a vault between the crown and the spring or abutment, including, and having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the shell of the vault.". Hover the mouse over the word you'd like to know more about to view its definition. Click 
to find a better fitting word. Finally, thanks to ChatGPT, the overall results have been greatly improved.
Recent Queries
To mix together
utter defeat.
message area
hempen cord
leeches
pristine
susceptible.
often brightly colored
dead space
anaerobic exercise
the Almighty
colored ball
to assume (responsibility)
after use
closed growing system for year-round production of vegetables
iron ingot
heightened
station wagon
uncivil
cleft grafting
ethnocentrism
lye
anomalous
in a different direction
resemble.
idée fixe
dinosaurs
exchange student
to become completely
reasonableness
deputy minister
relevance
blood clot
shapeless
armored personnel carrier
Gramineae
at one's feet
WWW
sullenness
first and foremost
old fashioned
similitude
version
way of thinking
broke
unsigned
guardianship
guess
hopeless
to collapse