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noun
- the formation of a crust
- a decorative coating of contrasting material that is applied to a surface as an inlay or overlay
- a hard outer layer that covers something
- A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a steam boiler.
- (figuratively) An accumulated characteristic of a person that disguises their true nature.
- A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the masonry by cramp irons or cement.
- Anything inlaid or embedded.
- The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted.
verb
noun
- (astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of any terrestrial planet.
- The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
- (British, Australia, informal) A living.
- The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
- (British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.
- The bread-like base of a pizza.
- A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
- An outer layer composed of pastry
- (uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall.
- (geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
- (music) Ellipsis of crust punk, a subgenre of punk music.
- the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties
- the outer layer of the Earth
- a hard outer layer that covers something
verb
- (intransitive) To form a crust.
- form a crust or a hard layer
- (transitive) To cover with a hard crust.
- (transitive) To inset or affix decorative materials upon (a surface); to inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object.
- decorate or cover lavishly (as with gems)
- cover or coat with a crust
verb
noun
- any long raised strip
- a beam laid along the edge where two sloping sides of a roof meet at the top; provides an attachment for the upper ends of rafters
- any long raised border or margin of a bone or tooth or membrane
- a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean
- a long narrow natural elevation or striation
- a long narrow range of hills
- (oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom.
- (anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped.
- The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.
- (meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure.
- A chain of hills.
- A chain of mountains.
- The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground.
- (fortifications) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way.
- Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip.
adj
verb
noun
- (geology) The layer between Earth's core and crust.
- the layer of the earth between the crust and the core
- (exogeology) Any similar layer in an exoplanet.
- (figuratively) A figurative garment representing authority or status, capable of affording protection.
- The zone of hot gases around a flame.
- (heraldry) A mantling.
- A piece of clothing somewhat like an open robe or cloak, especially that worn by Orthodox bishops.
- The outer wall and casing of a blast furnace, above the hearth.
- (anatomy) The cerebral cortex.
- (figuratively) Anything that covers or conceals something else; a cloak.
- A penstock for a water wheel.
- Alternative spelling of mantel (“shelf above fireplace”).
- A gauzy fabric impregnated with metal nitrates, used in some kinds of gas and oil lamps and lanterns, which forms a rigid but fragile mesh of metal oxides when heated during initial use and then produces white light from the heat of the flame below it. (So called because it is hung above the lamp's flame like a mantel.)
- (malacology) The body wall of a mollusc, from which the shell is secreted.
- (ornithology) The back of a bird together with the folded wings.
- (zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell
- anything that covers
- the cloak as a symbol of authority
- a sleeveless garment like a cloak but shorter
- hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)
- shelf that projects from wall above fireplace
verb
- (intransitive) To become covered or concealed.
- (falconry) The action of stretching a wing and the same side leg out to one side of the body.
- To climb over or onto something.
- (transitive) To cover or conceal (something); to cloak; to disguise.
- (falconry) The action of stretching out the wings to hide food.
- (intransitive) To spread like a mantle (especially of blood in the face and cheeks when a person flushes).
- spread over a surface, like a mantle
- cover like a mantle
noun
- a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate
- (geology) The process of one tectonic plate moving beneath another and sinking into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.
- The action of being pushed or drawn beneath another object.
- (mathematics, mathematical analysis) A surjection between diffeological spaces such that the target is identified as the pushforward of the source.
- Arithmetical subtraction.
- The act of subducting or taking away.
adj
- Having a crust, especially a thick one.
- having a hardened crust as a covering
- (informal, figuratively, of a person or behavior) Short-tempered and gruff but, sometimes, with a harmless or benign inner nature.
- (informal) Of very low quality; crude visuals or harsh, granular sound.
- brusque and surly and forbidding
noun
- (chiefly British, informal) A tramp or homeless young person with poor cleanliness.
- (slang) Dried blood or serous fluid buildup following body piercing.
- (slang) Dried eye mucus.
- (chiefly UK and Ireland, informal) A member of an urban subculture with roots in punk and grebo, characterized by antiestablishment attitudes and an unkempt appearance.
noun
- an instance of agitation of the earth's crust
- a sudden jarring impact
- (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
- an unpleasant or disappointing surprise
- the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally
- the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat
- a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body
- a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field
- a bushy thick mass (especially hair)
- a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses
- (mathematics) A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.
- (figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
- (physics) A shock wave.
- (medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
- A sudden, heavy impact.
- (psychology) A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
- An arrangement of sheaves for drying; a stook.
- A chemical added to a swimming pool to moderate the chlorine levels.
- (medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
- (by extension) A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass.
- (psychology) A state of distress following a mental or emotional disturbance, often caused by news or other stimuli.
- (automotive, mechanical engineering) A shock absorber (typically in the suspension of a vehicle).
verb
- strike with horror or terror
- strike with disgust or revulsion
- collide violently
- inflict a trauma upon
- collect or gather into shocks
- subject to electrical shocks
- surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off
- (transitive) To strike with disgust, to offend, scandalize.
- (transitive) To add a chemical to (a swimming pool) to moderate the chlorine levels.
- (transitive) To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook.
- (transitive) To subject to a shock wave or violent impact.
- (transitive) To give an electric shock to.
- (transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel greatly surprised or upset.
- (geology, transitive) To deform the crystal structure of a stone by the application of extremely high pressure at moderate temperature, as produced only by hypervelocity impact events, lightning strikes, and nuclear explosions.
adj
noun
- A layer or stratum adjacent and parallel to another.
- (physics) The sudden increase in the electrical conductivity of some metals as their temperature falls to near absolute zero.
- (linguistics) Alternative form of superstratum.
- (photovoltaics) The covering on the sunny side of a photovoltaic (PV) module, providing protection for the PV materials from impact and environmental degradation while allowing maximum transmission of the appropriate wavelengths of the solar spectrum.
- the language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language
- any stratum or layer superimposed on another
verb
noun
noun
verb
noun
- a vertical section of the Earth's crust showing the different horizons or layers
- biographical sketch
- an analysis (often in graphical form) representing the extent to which something exhibits various characteristics
- degree of exposure to public notice
- an outline of something (especially a human face as seen from one side)
- (countable) The shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view.
- Character; totality of related characteristics; signature; status (especially in scientific, technical, or military uses).
- (architecture) A section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines, showing the exact shape of mouldings etc.
- (archaeology) A smoothed (e.g., troweled or brushed) vertical surface of an excavation showing evidence of at least one feature or diagnostic specimen; the graphic recording of such as by sketching, photographing, etc.
- (figurative, uncountable) Reputation, prominence; noticeability.
- (countable) A summary or collection of information, especially about a person.
- (countable) The outermost shape, view, or edge of an object.
- (uncountable) The amount by which something protrudes.
- (military slang) An exemption from certain types of duties due to injury or disability.
- (civil engineering) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.
- (computing, countable) A user's preferences.
- (Internet, countable) A specific page or field in which users can provide various types of personal information in software or Internet systems.
verb
- write about
- represent in profile, by drawing or painting
- To act based on such a summary, especially one that is a stereotype; to engage in profiling.
- (transitive) To draw in profile or outline.
- (transitive, engineering) To give a definite form by chiselling, milling, etc.
- (computing, transitive) To measure the performance of various parts of (a program) so as to locate bottlenecks.
- (transitive) To create a summary or collection of information about (a person, etc.).
noun
- Any crust-like formations on the skin, or in general.
- A grey bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus).
- (figurative) The foul remains of anything adherent.
- (botany) Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot.
- A skin disease.
- The flakes of skin that fall off as a result of a skin disease.
- a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
- (botany) a covering that resembles scales or bran that covers some plant parts
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- an unexpected piece of good luck
- an abrupt change in the tone or register of the voice (as at puberty or due to emotion)
- the opening shot that scatters the balls in billiards or pool
- some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity
- a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something
- an escape from jail
- a personal or social separation (as between opposing factions)
- (tennis) a score consisting of winning a game when your opponent was serving
- a pause from doing something (as work)
- the act of breaking something
- any frame in which a bowler fails to make a strike or spare
- an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity
- the occurrence of breaking
- a sudden dash
- breaking of hard tissue such as bone
- (programming) Ellipsis of breakpoint.
- (music) The transition area between a singer's vocal registers; the passaggio.
- A rest or pause, usually from work.
- A physical space that opens up in something or between two things.
- An interruption of continuity; departure from or rupture with.
- Alternative form of brake (“cart or carriage without a body, for breaking in horses”)
- (computing) The separation between lines, paragraphs or pages of a written text.
- (soccer) The counter-attack.
- A short holiday.
- (snooker) The number of points scored by one player in one visit to the table.
- (finance) A sudden fall in prices on the stock exchange.
- A scheduled interval of days or weeks between periods of school instruction; a holiday.
- (computing) A keystroke or other signal that causes a program to terminate or suspend execution.
- (UK, education) A time for students to talk or play between lessons.
- (geography, chiefly in the plural) An area along a river that features steep banks, bluffs, or gorges (e.g., Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, US).
- A significant change in circumstance, attitude, perception, or focus of attention.
- (music) A section of extended repetition of the percussion break to a song, created by a hip-hop DJ as rhythmic dance music.
- (British, weather) A change, particularly the end of a spell of persistent good or bad weather.
- An interval or intermission between two parts of a performance, for example a theatre show, broadcast, or sports game.
- (surfing) A place where waves break (that is, where waves pitch or spill forward creating white water).
- An act of escaping.
- The beginning (of the morning).
- (music) A short section of music, often between verses, in which some performers stop while others continue.
- A temporary split with a romantic partner.
- (tennis) A game won by the receiving player(s).
- (horse racing) The start of a horse race.
- The opening of packages of cards for a collectible card game, often for further distribution to paying customers.
- (golf) The curve imparted to the ball's motion on the green due to slope or grass texture.
- An instance of breaking something into two or more pieces.
- (equitation) A sharp bit or snaffle.
- (billiards, snooker, pool) The first shot in a game of billiards.
- (music) The point in the musical scale at which a woodwind instrument is designed to overblow, that is, to move from its lower to its upper register.
verb
- make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret
- find the solution or key to
- become punctured or penetrated
- become separated into pieces or fragments
- do a break dance
- enter someone's (virtual or real) property in an unauthorized manner, usually with the intent to steal or commit a violent act
- discontinue an association or relation; go different ways
- fall sharply
- separate from a clinch, in boxing
- cause to give up a habit
- weaken or destroy in spirit or body
- change directions suddenly
- exchange for smaller units of money
- undergo breaking
- give up
- interrupt a continued activity
- interrupt the flow of current in
- break a piece from a whole
- make a rupture in the ranks of the enemy or one's own by quitting or fleeing
- move away or escape suddenly
- invalidate by judicial action
- destroy the completeness of a set of related items
- cease an action temporarily
- happen or take place
- render inoperable or ineffective
- emerge from the surface of a body of water
- come to an end (of an event)
- cause the failure or ruin of
- put an end to a state or an activity
- fracture a bone of
- stop operating or functioning
- diminish or discontinue abruptly
- curl over and fall apart in surf or foam, of waves
- terminate or end
- come forth or begin from a state of latency
- make submissive, obedient, or useful
- crack; of the male voice in puberty
- vary or interrupt a uniformity or continuity
- destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments
- come into being
- force out or release suddenly and often violently something pent up
- find a flaw in
- ruin completely
- become fractured; break or crack on the surface only
- happen
- go to pieces
- break down, literally or metaphorically
- act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises
- pierce or penetrate
- surpass in excellence
- lessen in force or effect
- change suddenly from one tone quality or register to another
- make the opening shot that scatters the balls
- scatter or part
- be broken in
- assign to a lower position; reduce in rank
- reduce to bankruptcy
- be released or become known; of news
- fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns
- (transitive, tennis) To win a game (against one's opponent) as receiver.
- (intransitive, of a storm) To begin or end.
- (intransitive, sports) To counter-attack.
- (intransitive, of a spell of settled weather) To end.
- (intransitive) To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength.
- (transitive, ergative) To disclose or make known an item of news, a band, etc.
- (intransitive, of a male voice) To become deeper at puberty.
- (transitive, backgammon) To remove one of the two men on (a point).
- (transitive) To end (a connection); to disconnect.
- (intransitive, billiards, snooker, pool) To make the first shot; to scatter the balls from the initial neat arrangement.
- (intransitive) To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief.
- (intransitive, of a voice) To alter in type due to emotion or strain: in men, generally to go up, in women, sometimes to go down; to crack.
- (specifically) To cause the shell of (an egg) to crack, so that the inside (yolk) is accessible.
- (transitive, theater) To end the run of (a play).
- (transitive) To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss.
- (intransitive) To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change gait.
- (intransitive) To interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily; to go on break.
- (transitive) To violate; to fail to adhere to.
- (specifically) To open (a safe) without using the correct key, combination, or the like.
- (transitive) To divide (something, often money) into smaller units.
- (transitive) To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate.
- (transitive) To cause (a barrier) to no longer bar.
- (intransitive, of morning, dawn, day etc.) To arrive.
- (transitive) To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of.
- (transitive, with for) To (attempt to) disengage and flee to; to make a run for.
- (rare, mainly historical or a misspelling) To brake.
- (copulative, informal) To suddenly become.
- (transitive) To interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object does not (immediately) hit something else beneath.
- (transitive) To change a steady state abruptly.
- To turn an animal into a beast of burden.
- (music, slang) To B-boy; to breakdance.
- (specifically, in programming) To cause (some feature of a program or piece of software) to stop functioning properly; to cause a regression.
- (programming) To suspend the execution of a program during debugging so that the state of the program can be investigated.
- (transitive, intransitive) To crack or fracture (bone) under a physical strain.
- (intransitive) To burst forth; to make its way; to come into view.
- (ergative, transitive, intransitive) To separate into two or more pieces, to fracture or crack, by a process that cannot easily be reversed for reassembly.
- (computing) To cause, or allow the occurrence of, a line break.
- (transitive) To ruin financially.
- (transitive, gaming slang) To render (a game) unchallenging by altering its rules or exploiting loopholes or weaknesses in them in a way that gives a player an unfair advantage.
- (finance, intransitive) Of prices on the stock exchange: to fall suddenly.
- (transitive, military, most often in the passive tense) To demote; to reduce the military rank of.
- (computing) To terminate the execution of a program before normal completion.
- (intransitive, of a fever) To go down, in terms of temperature, indicating that the most dangerous part of the illness has passed.
- (transitive, intransitive) To stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether.
- (intransitive, of a sauce or emulsion) To de-emulsify.
- (transitive) To surpass or do better than (a specific number); to do better than (a record), setting a new record.
- (transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to lose spirit or will; to crush the spirits of.
- (intransitive, of a sound) To become audible suddenly.
- (intransitive, of a wave of water) To collapse into surf, after arriving in shallow water.
- (transitive) To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce.
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
- (sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area)
- responsibility for a bad situation or event
- the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection
- (electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.)
- an imperfection in an object or machine
- A minor offense.
- (mining) An intrusion of another material, such as dirt or slate, within a coal seam.
- (hunting) A loss of the scent being tracked by a hound.
- (typically uncountable) Culpability; the responsibility for a blameworthy event.
- A characteristic, positive or negative or both, which increases one's risk of danger or difficulty.
- (geology) A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.
- (programming) An exception within a software program or process.
- (tennis) An illegal serve.
- (equestrianism) A penalty point assessed in horseback events such as show jumping.
- (morality) A failing of character; less severe than a vice.
- A strongly undesirable variation of food or drink caused by impurity or contamination.
- (technology) An abnormal connection within an electric circuit.
verb
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- the act of cracking something
- breaking of hard tissue such as bone
- (geology) A fault or crack in a rock.
- (medicine) A break in bone or cartilage.
- An instance of breaking, a place where something has broken.
verb
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- a qualitative change
- the act of moving from one place to another
- an event in which something is displaced without rotation
- a woman's sleeveless undergarment
- the act of changing one thing or position for another
- a crew of workers who work for a specific period of time
- the key on the typewriter keyboard that shifts from lower-case letters to upper-case letters
- a loose-fitting dress hanging straight from the shoulders without a waist
- the time period during which you are at work
- (historical) A type of women's undergarment of dress length worn under dresses or skirts, a slip or chemise.
- (music) In violin-playing, any position of the left hand except that nearest the nut.
- (computing) A control code or character used to change between different character sets.
- An act of shifting; a slight movement or change.
- (baseball) An infield shift.
- A movement to do something, a beginning.
- (construction) The extent, or arrangement, of the overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed in courses so as to break joints.
- (computing) An instance of the use of such a code or character.
- A simple straight-hanging, loose-fitting dress.
- (US) The gear mechanism in a motor vehicle.
- A period of time in which one's consciousness resides in another reality, usually achieved through meditation or other means.
- Alternative spelling of Shift (“a modifier button of computer keyboards”).
- (British slang) be done; ruined
- (Ireland, crude slang, often with the definite article, usually uncountable) The act of kissing passionately.
- (genetics) A mutation in which the DNA or RNA from two different sources (such as viruses or bacteria) combine.
- A change of workers, now specifically a set group of workers or period of working time.
- (mining) A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a fault.
- (computing) A bit shift.
verb
- change gears
- change place or direction
- move around
- make a shift in or exchange of
- change in quality
- move very slightly
- move and exchange for another
- use a shift key on a keyboard
- move abruptly
- move sideways or in an unsteady way
- lay aside, abandon, or leave for another
- change phonetically as part of a systematic historical change
- move from one setting or context to another
- (transitive, sometimes figurative) To move from one place to another; to redistribute.
- (typewriters) To move the keys of a typewriter over in order to type capital letters or special characters.
- (ergative, figurative) To change in form or character; switch.
- (computer keyboards) To switch to a character entry mode for capital letters or special characters.
- (intransitive) To use meditation or other means to change the reality that one's consciousness resides in.
- (intransitive, India) To change residence; to leave and live elsewhere.
- (transitive, computing) To manipulate a binary number by moving all of its digits left or right; compare rotate.
- (Ireland, vulgar, slang, transitive) To engage in sexual petting with.
- (intransitive) To practice indirect or evasive methods; to contrive.
- (intransitive) To hurry; to move quickly.
- (intransitive) To change gears (in an automobile).
- (Minecraft, video games) To crouch in game, especially if the shift key is pressed to initiate crouching.
- (Nigeria, slang) To steal or kidnap.
- (transitive, computing) To remove (the first value from an array).
- (transitive) To dispose of, remove.
- (intransitive, sometimes reflexive and figurative) To change position; to move.
- (intransitive, music) In violin-playing, to move the left hand from its original position next to the nut.
noun
- (geology) the deformation of the Earth's crust in response to slow lateral compression.
- The keeping of sheep in enclosures on arable land, etc.
- (slang) Paper money, as opposed to coins.
- The action of folding; a fold.
- (computing, programming) Code folding: a source code display technique that can hide the contents of methods, classes, etc. for easier navigation.
- the act of folding
- a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock
- the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape
adj
verb
adj
- pertaining to the structure or movement of the earth's crust
- of or pertaining to construction or architecture
- Of or relating to construction or to architecture.
- (geology) Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.
- (biology) Structural.
- (figurative) Momentous, utter, vast.
adj
- (geology) Tending to split into thin flat pieces, as slate does.
- (of an object or landform) Having a flat (planar) horizontal surface at top.
- (of a document or information) Organized as a table or list.
- Calculated by means of a table.
- of or pertaining to or arranged in table form
- flat; like a table in form
noun
noun
- the formation of a crust
- a decorative coating of contrasting material that is applied to a surface as an inlay or overlay
- a hard outer layer that covers something
- A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a steam boiler.
- (figuratively) An accumulated characteristic of a person that disguises their true nature.
- A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the masonry by cramp irons or cement.
- Anything inlaid or embedded.
- The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted.
noun
- (geology) The layer between Earth's core and crust.
- the layer of the earth between the crust and the core
- (exogeology) Any similar layer in an exoplanet.
- (figuratively) A figurative garment representing authority or status, capable of affording protection.
- The zone of hot gases around a flame.
- (heraldry) A mantling.
- A piece of clothing somewhat like an open robe or cloak, especially that worn by Orthodox bishops.
- The outer wall and casing of a blast furnace, above the hearth.
- (anatomy) The cerebral cortex.
- (figuratively) Anything that covers or conceals something else; a cloak.
- A penstock for a water wheel.
- Alternative spelling of mantel (“shelf above fireplace”).
- A gauzy fabric impregnated with metal nitrates, used in some kinds of gas and oil lamps and lanterns, which forms a rigid but fragile mesh of metal oxides when heated during initial use and then produces white light from the heat of the flame below it. (So called because it is hung above the lamp's flame like a mantel.)
- (malacology) The body wall of a mollusc, from which the shell is secreted.
- (ornithology) The back of a bird together with the folded wings.
- (zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell
- anything that covers
- the cloak as a symbol of authority
- a sleeveless garment like a cloak but shorter
- hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)
- shelf that projects from wall above fireplace
verb
- (intransitive) To become covered or concealed.
- (falconry) The action of stretching a wing and the same side leg out to one side of the body.
- To climb over or onto something.
- (transitive) To cover or conceal (something); to cloak; to disguise.
- (falconry) The action of stretching out the wings to hide food.
- (intransitive) To spread like a mantle (especially of blood in the face and cheeks when a person flushes).
- spread over a surface, like a mantle
- cover like a mantle
noun
- a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate
- (geology) The process of one tectonic plate moving beneath another and sinking into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.
- The action of being pushed or drawn beneath another object.
- (mathematics, mathematical analysis) A surjection between diffeological spaces such that the target is identified as the pushforward of the source.
- Arithmetical subtraction.
- The act of subducting or taking away.
noun
- an instance of agitation of the earth's crust
- a sudden jarring impact
- (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
- an unpleasant or disappointing surprise
- the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally
- the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat
- a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body
- a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field
- a bushy thick mass (especially hair)
- a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses
- (mathematics) A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.
- (figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
- (physics) A shock wave.
- (medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
- A sudden, heavy impact.
- (psychology) A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
- An arrangement of sheaves for drying; a stook.
- A chemical added to a swimming pool to moderate the chlorine levels.
- (medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
- (by extension) A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass.
- (psychology) A state of distress following a mental or emotional disturbance, often caused by news or other stimuli.
- (automotive, mechanical engineering) A shock absorber (typically in the suspension of a vehicle).
verb
- strike with horror or terror
- strike with disgust or revulsion
- collide violently
- inflict a trauma upon
- collect or gather into shocks
- subject to electrical shocks
- surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off
- (transitive) To strike with disgust, to offend, scandalize.
- (transitive) To add a chemical to (a swimming pool) to moderate the chlorine levels.
- (transitive) To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook.
- (transitive) To subject to a shock wave or violent impact.
- (transitive) To give an electric shock to.
- (transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel greatly surprised or upset.
- (geology, transitive) To deform the crystal structure of a stone by the application of extremely high pressure at moderate temperature, as produced only by hypervelocity impact events, lightning strikes, and nuclear explosions.
adj
noun
- A layer or stratum adjacent and parallel to another.
- (physics) The sudden increase in the electrical conductivity of some metals as their temperature falls to near absolute zero.
- (linguistics) Alternative form of superstratum.
- (photovoltaics) The covering on the sunny side of a photovoltaic (PV) module, providing protection for the PV materials from impact and environmental degradation while allowing maximum transmission of the appropriate wavelengths of the solar spectrum.
- the language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language
- any stratum or layer superimposed on another
verb
noun
noun
verb
noun
- a vertical section of the Earth's crust showing the different horizons or layers
- biographical sketch
- an analysis (often in graphical form) representing the extent to which something exhibits various characteristics
- degree of exposure to public notice
- an outline of something (especially a human face as seen from one side)
- (countable) The shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view.
- Character; totality of related characteristics; signature; status (especially in scientific, technical, or military uses).
- (architecture) A section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines, showing the exact shape of mouldings etc.
- (archaeology) A smoothed (e.g., troweled or brushed) vertical surface of an excavation showing evidence of at least one feature or diagnostic specimen; the graphic recording of such as by sketching, photographing, etc.
- (figurative, uncountable) Reputation, prominence; noticeability.
- (countable) A summary or collection of information, especially about a person.
- (countable) The outermost shape, view, or edge of an object.
- (uncountable) The amount by which something protrudes.
- (military slang) An exemption from certain types of duties due to injury or disability.
- (civil engineering) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.
- (computing, countable) A user's preferences.
- (Internet, countable) A specific page or field in which users can provide various types of personal information in software or Internet systems.
verb
- write about
- represent in profile, by drawing or painting
- To act based on such a summary, especially one that is a stereotype; to engage in profiling.
- (transitive) To draw in profile or outline.
- (transitive, engineering) To give a definite form by chiselling, milling, etc.
- (computing, transitive) To measure the performance of various parts of (a program) so as to locate bottlenecks.
- (transitive) To create a summary or collection of information about (a person, etc.).
noun
- Any crust-like formations on the skin, or in general.
- A grey bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus).
- (figurative) The foul remains of anything adherent.
- (botany) Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot.
- A skin disease.
- The flakes of skin that fall off as a result of a skin disease.
- a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
- (botany) a covering that resembles scales or bran that covers some plant parts
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- an unexpected piece of good luck
- an abrupt change in the tone or register of the voice (as at puberty or due to emotion)
- the opening shot that scatters the balls in billiards or pool
- some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity
- a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something
- an escape from jail
- a personal or social separation (as between opposing factions)
- (tennis) a score consisting of winning a game when your opponent was serving
- a pause from doing something (as work)
- the act of breaking something
- any frame in which a bowler fails to make a strike or spare
- an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity
- the occurrence of breaking
- a sudden dash
- breaking of hard tissue such as bone
- (programming) Ellipsis of breakpoint.
- (music) The transition area between a singer's vocal registers; the passaggio.
- A rest or pause, usually from work.
- A physical space that opens up in something or between two things.
- An interruption of continuity; departure from or rupture with.
- Alternative form of brake (“cart or carriage without a body, for breaking in horses”)
- (computing) The separation between lines, paragraphs or pages of a written text.
- (soccer) The counter-attack.
- A short holiday.
- (snooker) The number of points scored by one player in one visit to the table.
- (finance) A sudden fall in prices on the stock exchange.
- A scheduled interval of days or weeks between periods of school instruction; a holiday.
- (computing) A keystroke or other signal that causes a program to terminate or suspend execution.
- (UK, education) A time for students to talk or play between lessons.
- (geography, chiefly in the plural) An area along a river that features steep banks, bluffs, or gorges (e.g., Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, US).
- A significant change in circumstance, attitude, perception, or focus of attention.
- (music) A section of extended repetition of the percussion break to a song, created by a hip-hop DJ as rhythmic dance music.
- (British, weather) A change, particularly the end of a spell of persistent good or bad weather.
- An interval or intermission between two parts of a performance, for example a theatre show, broadcast, or sports game.
- (surfing) A place where waves break (that is, where waves pitch or spill forward creating white water).
- An act of escaping.
- The beginning (of the morning).
- (music) A short section of music, often between verses, in which some performers stop while others continue.
- A temporary split with a romantic partner.
- (tennis) A game won by the receiving player(s).
- (horse racing) The start of a horse race.
- The opening of packages of cards for a collectible card game, often for further distribution to paying customers.
- (golf) The curve imparted to the ball's motion on the green due to slope or grass texture.
- An instance of breaking something into two or more pieces.
- (equitation) A sharp bit or snaffle.
- (billiards, snooker, pool) The first shot in a game of billiards.
- (music) The point in the musical scale at which a woodwind instrument is designed to overblow, that is, to move from its lower to its upper register.
verb
- make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret
- find the solution or key to
- become punctured or penetrated
- become separated into pieces or fragments
- do a break dance
- enter someone's (virtual or real) property in an unauthorized manner, usually with the intent to steal or commit a violent act
- discontinue an association or relation; go different ways
- fall sharply
- separate from a clinch, in boxing
- cause to give up a habit
- weaken or destroy in spirit or body
- change directions suddenly
- exchange for smaller units of money
- undergo breaking
- give up
- interrupt a continued activity
- interrupt the flow of current in
- break a piece from a whole
- make a rupture in the ranks of the enemy or one's own by quitting or fleeing
- move away or escape suddenly
- invalidate by judicial action
- destroy the completeness of a set of related items
- cease an action temporarily
- happen or take place
- render inoperable or ineffective
- emerge from the surface of a body of water
- come to an end (of an event)
- cause the failure or ruin of
- put an end to a state or an activity
- fracture a bone of
- stop operating or functioning
- diminish or discontinue abruptly
- curl over and fall apart in surf or foam, of waves
- terminate or end
- come forth or begin from a state of latency
- make submissive, obedient, or useful
- crack; of the male voice in puberty
- vary or interrupt a uniformity or continuity
- destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments
- come into being
- force out or release suddenly and often violently something pent up
- find a flaw in
- ruin completely
- become fractured; break or crack on the surface only
- happen
- go to pieces
- break down, literally or metaphorically
- act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises
- pierce or penetrate
- surpass in excellence
- lessen in force or effect
- change suddenly from one tone quality or register to another
- make the opening shot that scatters the balls
- scatter or part
- be broken in
- assign to a lower position; reduce in rank
- reduce to bankruptcy
- be released or become known; of news
- fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns
- (transitive, tennis) To win a game (against one's opponent) as receiver.
- (intransitive, of a storm) To begin or end.
- (intransitive, sports) To counter-attack.
- (intransitive, of a spell of settled weather) To end.
- (intransitive) To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength.
- (transitive, ergative) To disclose or make known an item of news, a band, etc.
- (intransitive, of a male voice) To become deeper at puberty.
- (transitive, backgammon) To remove one of the two men on (a point).
- (transitive) To end (a connection); to disconnect.
- (intransitive, billiards, snooker, pool) To make the first shot; to scatter the balls from the initial neat arrangement.
- (intransitive) To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief.
- (intransitive, of a voice) To alter in type due to emotion or strain: in men, generally to go up, in women, sometimes to go down; to crack.
- (specifically) To cause the shell of (an egg) to crack, so that the inside (yolk) is accessible.
- (transitive, theater) To end the run of (a play).
- (transitive) To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss.
- (intransitive) To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change gait.
- (intransitive) To interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily; to go on break.
- (transitive) To violate; to fail to adhere to.
- (specifically) To open (a safe) without using the correct key, combination, or the like.
- (transitive) To divide (something, often money) into smaller units.
- (transitive) To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate.
- (transitive) To cause (a barrier) to no longer bar.
- (intransitive, of morning, dawn, day etc.) To arrive.
- (transitive) To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of.
- (transitive, with for) To (attempt to) disengage and flee to; to make a run for.
- (rare, mainly historical or a misspelling) To brake.
- (copulative, informal) To suddenly become.
- (transitive) To interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object does not (immediately) hit something else beneath.
- (transitive) To change a steady state abruptly.
- To turn an animal into a beast of burden.
- (music, slang) To B-boy; to breakdance.
- (specifically, in programming) To cause (some feature of a program or piece of software) to stop functioning properly; to cause a regression.
- (programming) To suspend the execution of a program during debugging so that the state of the program can be investigated.
- (transitive, intransitive) To crack or fracture (bone) under a physical strain.
- (intransitive) To burst forth; to make its way; to come into view.
- (ergative, transitive, intransitive) To separate into two or more pieces, to fracture or crack, by a process that cannot easily be reversed for reassembly.
- (computing) To cause, or allow the occurrence of, a line break.
- (transitive) To ruin financially.
- (transitive, gaming slang) To render (a game) unchallenging by altering its rules or exploiting loopholes or weaknesses in them in a way that gives a player an unfair advantage.
- (finance, intransitive) Of prices on the stock exchange: to fall suddenly.
- (transitive, military, most often in the passive tense) To demote; to reduce the military rank of.
- (computing) To terminate the execution of a program before normal completion.
- (intransitive, of a fever) To go down, in terms of temperature, indicating that the most dangerous part of the illness has passed.
- (transitive, intransitive) To stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether.
- (intransitive, of a sauce or emulsion) To de-emulsify.
- (transitive) To surpass or do better than (a specific number); to do better than (a record), setting a new record.
- (transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to lose spirit or will; to crush the spirits of.
- (intransitive, of a sound) To become audible suddenly.
- (intransitive, of a wave of water) To collapse into surf, after arriving in shallow water.
- (transitive) To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce.
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
- (sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area)
- responsibility for a bad situation or event
- the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection
- (electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.)
- an imperfection in an object or machine
- A minor offense.
- (mining) An intrusion of another material, such as dirt or slate, within a coal seam.
- (hunting) A loss of the scent being tracked by a hound.
- (typically uncountable) Culpability; the responsibility for a blameworthy event.
- A characteristic, positive or negative or both, which increases one's risk of danger or difficulty.
- (geology) A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.
- (programming) An exception within a software program or process.
- (tennis) An illegal serve.
- (equestrianism) A penalty point assessed in horseback events such as show jumping.
- (morality) A failing of character; less severe than a vice.
- A strongly undesirable variation of food or drink caused by impurity or contamination.
- (technology) An abnormal connection within an electric circuit.
verb
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- the act of cracking something
- breaking of hard tissue such as bone
- (geology) A fault or crack in a rock.
- (medicine) A break in bone or cartilage.
- An instance of breaking, a place where something has broken.
verb
noun
- (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
- a qualitative change
- the act of moving from one place to another
- an event in which something is displaced without rotation
- a woman's sleeveless undergarment
- the act of changing one thing or position for another
- a crew of workers who work for a specific period of time
- the key on the typewriter keyboard that shifts from lower-case letters to upper-case letters
- a loose-fitting dress hanging straight from the shoulders without a waist
- the time period during which you are at work
- (historical) A type of women's undergarment of dress length worn under dresses or skirts, a slip or chemise.
- (music) In violin-playing, any position of the left hand except that nearest the nut.
- (computing) A control code or character used to change between different character sets.
- An act of shifting; a slight movement or change.
- (baseball) An infield shift.
- A movement to do something, a beginning.
- (construction) The extent, or arrangement, of the overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed in courses so as to break joints.
- (computing) An instance of the use of such a code or character.
- A simple straight-hanging, loose-fitting dress.
- (US) The gear mechanism in a motor vehicle.
- A period of time in which one's consciousness resides in another reality, usually achieved through meditation or other means.
- Alternative spelling of Shift (“a modifier button of computer keyboards”).
- (British slang) be done; ruined
- (Ireland, crude slang, often with the definite article, usually uncountable) The act of kissing passionately.
- (genetics) A mutation in which the DNA or RNA from two different sources (such as viruses or bacteria) combine.
- A change of workers, now specifically a set group of workers or period of working time.
- (mining) A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a fault.
- (computing) A bit shift.
verb
- change gears
- change place or direction
- move around
- make a shift in or exchange of
- change in quality
- move very slightly
- move and exchange for another
- use a shift key on a keyboard
- move abruptly
- move sideways or in an unsteady way
- lay aside, abandon, or leave for another
- change phonetically as part of a systematic historical change
- move from one setting or context to another
- (transitive, sometimes figurative) To move from one place to another; to redistribute.
- (typewriters) To move the keys of a typewriter over in order to type capital letters or special characters.
- (ergative, figurative) To change in form or character; switch.
- (computer keyboards) To switch to a character entry mode for capital letters or special characters.
- (intransitive) To use meditation or other means to change the reality that one's consciousness resides in.
- (intransitive, India) To change residence; to leave and live elsewhere.
- (transitive, computing) To manipulate a binary number by moving all of its digits left or right; compare rotate.
- (Ireland, vulgar, slang, transitive) To engage in sexual petting with.
- (intransitive) To practice indirect or evasive methods; to contrive.
- (intransitive) To hurry; to move quickly.
- (intransitive) To change gears (in an automobile).
- (Minecraft, video games) To crouch in game, especially if the shift key is pressed to initiate crouching.
- (Nigeria, slang) To steal or kidnap.
- (transitive, computing) To remove (the first value from an array).
- (transitive) To dispose of, remove.
- (intransitive, sometimes reflexive and figurative) To change position; to move.
- (intransitive, music) In violin-playing, to move the left hand from its original position next to the nut.
noun
- (geology) the deformation of the Earth's crust in response to slow lateral compression.
- The keeping of sheep in enclosures on arable land, etc.
- (slang) Paper money, as opposed to coins.
- The action of folding; a fold.
- (computing, programming) Code folding: a source code display technique that can hide the contents of methods, classes, etc. for easier navigation.
- the act of folding
- a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock
- the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape
adj
verb
verb
noun
- (astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of any terrestrial planet.
- The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
- (British, Australia, informal) A living.
- The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
- (British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.
- The bread-like base of a pizza.
- A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
- An outer layer composed of pastry
- (uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall.
- (geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
- (music) Ellipsis of crust punk, a subgenre of punk music.
- the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties
- the outer layer of the Earth
- a hard outer layer that covers something
verb
- (intransitive) To form a crust.
- form a crust or a hard layer
- (transitive) To cover with a hard crust.
- (transitive) To inset or affix decorative materials upon (a surface); to inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object.
- decorate or cover lavishly (as with gems)
- cover or coat with a crust
verb
noun
- any long raised strip
- a beam laid along the edge where two sloping sides of a roof meet at the top; provides an attachment for the upper ends of rafters
- any long raised border or margin of a bone or tooth or membrane
- a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean
- a long narrow natural elevation or striation
- a long narrow range of hills
- (oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom.
- (anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped.
- The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.
- (meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure.
- A chain of hills.
- A chain of mountains.
- The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground.
- (fortifications) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way.
- Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip.
adj
verb
adj
- Having a crust, especially a thick one.
- having a hardened crust as a covering
- (informal, figuratively, of a person or behavior) Short-tempered and gruff but, sometimes, with a harmless or benign inner nature.
- (informal) Of very low quality; crude visuals or harsh, granular sound.
- brusque and surly and forbidding
noun
- (chiefly British, informal) A tramp or homeless young person with poor cleanliness.
- (slang) Dried blood or serous fluid buildup following body piercing.
- (slang) Dried eye mucus.
- (chiefly UK and Ireland, informal) A member of an urban subculture with roots in punk and grebo, characterized by antiestablishment attitudes and an unkempt appearance.
adj
- pertaining to the structure or movement of the earth's crust
- of or pertaining to construction or architecture
- Of or relating to construction or to architecture.
- (geology) Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.
- (biology) Structural.
- (figurative) Momentous, utter, vast.
adj
- (geology) Tending to split into thin flat pieces, as slate does.
- (of an object or landform) Having a flat (planar) horizontal surface at top.
- (of a document or information) Organized as a table or list.
- Calculated by means of a table.
- of or pertaining to or arranged in table form
- flat; like a table in form