Parole in English per 'Former, erstwhile; at some previous time.'
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adj
- Former, previous.
- belonging to some prior time
- Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
- That is no longer in existence.
- Of a species or language, belonging to a lineage that is distantly related to others.
- (UK) Being a graduate or alumnus of a school, especially a public school.
- Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
- Familiar.
- (informal, of a person or pet) Indicating affection and familiarity.
- Tiresome after prolonged repetition.
- Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.
- A grammatical intensifier, often used in describing something positive, and combined with another adjective.
- Said of subdued colors, particularly reds, pinks and oranges, as if they had faded over time.
- Designed for a mature audience; unsuitable for children below a certain age.
- Obsolete; out-of-date.
- Having existed or lived for the specified time.
- Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
- skilled through long experience
- of long duration; not new
- excellent
- (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age
- just preceding something else in time or order
- (used for emphasis) very familiar
noun
- past times
- (slang, most often plural) One's parents.
- (slang) A person older than oneself, especially an adult in relation to a teenager.
- (Australia, uncountable) A typically dark-coloured lager brewed by the traditional top-fermentation method.
- (with the, invariable plural only) People who are old; old beings; the older generation, taken as a group.
adj
- well in the past; former
- drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted
- stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)
- destroyed or killed
- used up or no longer available
- dead
- (slang) Infatuated; in love (+ on, for, in).
- Used with a duration to indicate for how long a process has been developing, an action has been performed or a state has persisted; especially, pregnant.
- Of an arrow: wide of the mark.
- Used up.
- No longer existing, having passed.
- (colloquial) Not fully aware of one's surroundings, often through intoxication or mental decline.
- Away, having left.
- Broken, failed.
- Dead.
- Doomed, done for.
- (US) Weak; faint; feeling a sense of goneness.
contraction
prep
verb
prefix
adv
- (postpositive) Earlier, ago.
- Towards, into or in the past.
- In a manner that impedes.
- To a later point in time. See also put back.
- In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.
- Away from someone or something; at a distance.
- So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so.
- (not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place.
- (not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return.
- In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively.
- Away from the front or from an edge.
- in or to or toward a former location
- in reply
- at or to or toward the back or rear
- in repayment or retaliation
- in or to or toward a past time
- in or to or toward an original condition
adj
- of an earlier date
- (comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).
- At or near the rear.
- Not current.
- (predicative) Returned or restored to a previous place or condition.
- Situated away from the main or most frequented areas.
- Moving or operating backward.
- In arrears; overdue.
- located at or near the back of an animal
- related to or located at the back
noun
- (mining) The roof of a horizontal underground passage.
- (swimming) Clipping of backstroke.
- (slang, uncountable) Effort, usually physical.
- (sports) In some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.
- (figuratively) The upper part of a natural object which is considered to resemble an animal’s back.
- (slang, uncountable) Large and attractive buttocks.
- A support or resource in reserve.
- Area behind, such as the backyard of a house or the rear storeroom of a retail store.
- The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen.
- The side of a blade opposite the side used for cutting.
- Among leather dealers, one of the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
- A ferryboat.
- The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.
- The part of something that goes last.
- The backrest, the part of a piece of furniture which receives the human back.
- (nautical) The keel and keelson of a ship.
- (figurative) The part of a piece of clothing which covers the back.
- A non-alcoholic drink (often water or a soft drink), to go with hard liquor or a cocktail.
- The side of any object which is opposite the front or useful side.
- The spine and associated tissues.
- The edge of a book which is bound.
- A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.
- (printing) The inside margin of a page.
- That which is farthest away from the front.
- (football) a person who plays in the backfield
- the part of a garment that covers the back of your body
- (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage
- the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book
- the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord
- the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
- the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine
- the side that goes last or is not normally seen
- a support that you can lean against while sitting
verb
- (transitive) To push or force backwards.
- (law, of a justice of the peace) To sign or endorse (a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender).
- (transitive) To support.
- (MLE, transitive) To draw from behind the back (a knife etc.) (as also back out).
- (intransitive) To go in the reverse direction.
- (nautical, of the wind) To change direction contrary to the normal pattern; that is, to shift anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere, or clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
- (UK, of a hunting dog) To stand still behind another dog which has pointed.
- To row backward with (oars).
- (nautical, of a square sail) To brace the yards so that the wind presses on the front of the sail, to slow the ship.
- To make a back for; to furnish with a back.
- To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
- (nautical, of an anchor) To lay out a second, smaller anchor to provide additional holding power.
- (Nigeria, transitive) To carry an infant on one’s back.
- To write upon the back of, possibly as an endorsement.
- be in back of
- travel backward
- establish as valid or genuine
- place a bet on
- give support or one's approval to
- strengthen by providing with a back or backing
- shift to a counterclockwise direction
- support financial backing for
- be behind; approve of
- cause to travel backward
adv
conj
noun
prep
adj
noun
adv
- To an earlier time.
- At or towards the front; in the direction one is facing or moving.
- So as to be further advanced, either spatially or in an abstract sense; to be superior.
- To a later time.
- In or for the future.
- At an earlier time; beforehand; in advance.
- to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future)
- ahead of time; in anticipation
- toward the future; forward in time
- at or in the front
- leading or ahead in a competition
- to a more advanced or advantageous position
- in a forward direction
adj
noun
- One who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.
- (US, Mormonism) A male missionary.
- (relational, chiefly in the plural, chiefly with possessive determiners) One who is older than another.
- A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.
- A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments.
- (now chiefly US) An old person.
- (Mormonism, often capitalized) Title for a male missionary; title for a general authority.
- A leader or senior member of a tribe or community, often of considerable age, respected as an authority figure, especially in a counselling, consultative, or ceremonial role.
- (Germanic paganism) A pagan or Heathen priest or priestess.
- An officer of a church, sometimes having teaching responsibilities.
- (US, Mormonism) One ordained to the lowest office in the Melchizedek priesthood.
- Any of the other species of the genus Sambucus: small trees, shrubs or herbaceous perennials with red, purple, or white and yellow berries (some of which are poisonous).
- A cow's udder, especially used as food.
- a person who is older than you are
- any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical Northern Hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit
- any of various church officers
adj
verb
adj
- Of a period of time: having just gone by; previous.
- (postmodifier) Following expressions of time to indicate how long ago something happened; ago.
- (grammar) Of a tense, expressing action that has already happened or a previously-existing state.
- Having already happened; in the past; finished.
- of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office
- earlier than the present time; no longer current
adv
noun
prep
adj
noun
- The name of the Latin script letter X/x.
- (Canada) Clipping of exhibition.
- (colloquial) A former partner or spouse; an ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife, or ex-husband.
- a woman who was formerly a particular man's wife
- the 24th letter of the Roman alphabet
- a man who was formerly a certain woman's husband
verb
prep
- (figuratively) In the past, from the viewpoint of.
- (sometimes regarded as nonstandard, US, informal) Following, subsequent to; as a result or consequence of; because of.
- (figuratively) Concealed by (something serving as a facade or disguise).
- At or to the back or far side of.
- After in time.
- Responsible for, being the creator or controller of.
- Underlying, being the reason for or explanation of.
- After in developmental progress, score, grade, etc.; inferior to.
- In support of.
- After in physical progress or distance.
adj
adv
- Backward in time or order of succession; past.
- Behind the scenes in a theatre; backstage.
- So as to be still in place after someone or something has departed or ceased to exist.
- In a rearward direction.
- So as to come after someone or something in position, distance, advancement, ranking, time, etc.
- At or in the rear or back part of something.
- in or into an inferior position
- in debt
- remaining in a place or condition that has been left or departed from
- showing a time that is earlier than the actual time
- in or to or toward the rear
noun
- (baseball, slang, 1800s) The catcher.
- In the Eton College field game, any of a group of players consisting of two "shorts" (who try to kick the ball over the bully) and a "long" (who defends the goal).
- (Australian rules football) A one-point score.
- The rear, back-end.
- (informal) The buttocks, bottom, butt.
- the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on
adj
det
noun
verb
noun
- One whose chief interest is in the past.
- (theology) An adherent of preterism; one who believes that the Biblical prophecies of the Apocalypse refer to historical events which have already taken place.
- a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) have already been fulfilled
adv
- Toward or into the past.
- In a reversed order or sequence.
- In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.
- (figuratively) Oppositely to the desired direction of progress, or from a better to a worse state.
- At, near or towards the rear of something.
- By way of reflection; reflexively.
- In a reversed orientation; back to front.
- In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
- at or to or toward the back or rear
- in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal
- in or to or toward a past time
adj
- Slow to apprehend; having difficulties in learning.
- Acting or moving in the direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing.
- (figuratively) Acting or moving oppositely to the desired direction of progress.
- (often in negative constructions) Reluctant or unwilling to advance or act; shy.
- (chess) Of a pawn, further behind than pawns of the same colour on adjacent files and unable to be moved forward safely.
- (cricket) On that part of the field behind the batsman's popping crease.
- Of a culture, country, practice etc., undeveloped or unsophisticated.
- Situated toward or at the rear of something.
- Reversed in order or sequence.
- Late or behindhand.
- Lacking progressive or enlightened thought; outdated.
- Acting or moving in the direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
- Retarded in development; not as advanced as would be expected.
- (cricket) Further behind the batsman's popping crease than something else.
- retarded in intellectual development
- (used of temperament or behavior) marked by a retiring nature
- having made less than normal progress
- directed or facing toward the back or rear
noun
adv
- from an earlier time
- away from a more central or a more northerly place
- in an inactive or inoperative state
- to a lower intensity
- spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position
- paid in cash at time of purchase
- At or towards any place that is visualised as 'down' by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change.
- Away from the city (regardless of direction).
- (crosswords, in relation to a numbered clued word) In a downwards direction; vertically.
- To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).
- (sentence substitute, imperative) Get down.
- Forward, straight ahead.
- On paper (or in a durable record).
- To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank.
- So as to be cowed into silence.
- Into a state of non-operation.
- (comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
- From less to greater detail.
- Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, permanence, or success rather than being of indefinite duration.
- (comparable) At a lower or further place or position along a set path.
- To or towards what is considered the bottom of something, irrespective of whether this is presently physically lower.
- So as to lessen quantity, level or intensity.
- (sports) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports).
- From a remoter or higher antiquity.
- (rail transport) In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
- As a down payment.
- So as to reduce size, weight or volume.
- So as to secure or compress something to the floor, ground, or other (usually horizontal) surface.
adj
- being put out in a game of baseball
- lower than previously
- extending or moving from a higher to a lower place
- filled with melancholy and despondency
- understood perfectly
- becoming progressively lower
- shut
- not functioning (temporarily or permanently)
- being or moving lower in position or less in some value
- (baseball, cricket, colloquial, following the noun modified) Out.
- (not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.
- (not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.
- Having a lower score than an opponent.
- (veterinary medicine, of a cow) Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.
- (rail transport, of a train) Travelling in the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
- Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).
- (normally in the combination 'down with') Sick or ill.
- (informal) Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low.
- (slang) In prison.
- (of a tree, limb, etc) Fallen or felled.
- At a lower level than before.
- (colloquial, with "on") Negative about; hostile to.
- (Canada, US, slang) Comfortable [with]; accepting [of]; okay [with].
- Facing downwards.
- Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)
- (not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.
- (African-American Vernacular, slang) Accepted, respected, or loyally participating in the (thug) community.
noun
- fine soft dense hair (as the fine short hair of cattle or deer or the wool of sheep or the undercoat of certain dogs)
- soft fine feathers
- (usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil
- (American football) a complete play to advance the football
- Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
- The lightest quark with a charge number of −¹⁄₃.
- (usually in the plural) A field, especially one used for horse racing.
- (UK, chiefly in the plural) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep.
- (gambling) The shift or period of time during which a dealer manages a given table before rotating to the next table at a casino or cardroom, which is often 30 minutes.
- (American football) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.
- A downstairs room of a two-story house.
- The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
- A negative aspect; a downer, a downside.
- That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down.
- (especially Southern England, also Australia, often plural, often in place names) A hill; in England, especially a chalk hill.
- (crosswording) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.
- (botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.
- Down payment.
- A downer, depressant.
- An act of swallowing an entire drink at once.
verb
- eat up completely, as with great appetite
- shoot at and force to come down
- improve or perfect by pruning or polishing
- bring down or defeat (an opponent)
- drink down entirely
- cause to come or go down
- (transitive, golf, pocket billiards) To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket.
- (transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell.
- (transitive, colloquial) To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty.
- (transitive) Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.).
- (transitive, colloquial) To disparage; to put down.
- (transitive, American football, Canadian football) To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession.
- (transitive, figurative) To defeat; to overpower.
- (transitive) To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.
- (transitive) To lower; to put (something) down.
prep
- From one end to another of (in any direction); along.
- Towards the mouth of (a river); in the direction of flow of.
- (UK, Ireland) To (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).
- From north to south of.
- (UK, Ireland) At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).
- From the higher end to the lower of.
noun
- One who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.
- (US, Mormonism) A male missionary.
- (relational, chiefly in the plural, chiefly with possessive determiners) One who is older than another.
- A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.
- A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments.
- (now chiefly US) An old person.
- (Mormonism, often capitalized) Title for a male missionary; title for a general authority.
- A leader or senior member of a tribe or community, often of considerable age, respected as an authority figure, especially in a counselling, consultative, or ceremonial role.
- (Germanic paganism) A pagan or Heathen priest or priestess.
- An officer of a church, sometimes having teaching responsibilities.
- (US, Mormonism) One ordained to the lowest office in the Melchizedek priesthood.
- Any of the other species of the genus Sambucus: small trees, shrubs or herbaceous perennials with red, purple, or white and yellow berries (some of which are poisonous).
- A cow's udder, especially used as food.
- a person who is older than you are
- any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical Northern Hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit
- any of various church officers
adj
verb
adj
- Former, previous.
- belonging to some prior time
- Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
- That is no longer in existence.
- Of a species or language, belonging to a lineage that is distantly related to others.
- (UK) Being a graduate or alumnus of a school, especially a public school.
- Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
- Familiar.
- (informal, of a person or pet) Indicating affection and familiarity.
- Tiresome after prolonged repetition.
- Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.
- A grammatical intensifier, often used in describing something positive, and combined with another adjective.
- Said of subdued colors, particularly reds, pinks and oranges, as if they had faded over time.
- Designed for a mature audience; unsuitable for children below a certain age.
- Obsolete; out-of-date.
- Having existed or lived for the specified time.
- Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
- skilled through long experience
- of long duration; not new
- excellent
- (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age
- just preceding something else in time or order
- (used for emphasis) very familiar
noun
- past times
- (slang, most often plural) One's parents.
- (slang) A person older than oneself, especially an adult in relation to a teenager.
- (Australia, uncountable) A typically dark-coloured lager brewed by the traditional top-fermentation method.
- (with the, invariable plural only) People who are old; old beings; the older generation, taken as a group.
noun
- One whose chief interest is in the past.
- (theology) An adherent of preterism; one who believes that the Biblical prophecies of the Apocalypse refer to historical events which have already taken place.
- a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) have already been fulfilled
adv
- (postpositive) Earlier, ago.
- Towards, into or in the past.
- In a manner that impedes.
- To a later point in time. See also put back.
- In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.
- Away from someone or something; at a distance.
- So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so.
- (not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place.
- (not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return.
- In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively.
- Away from the front or from an edge.
- in or to or toward a former location
- in reply
- at or to or toward the back or rear
- in repayment or retaliation
- in or to or toward a past time
- in or to or toward an original condition
adj
- of an earlier date
- (comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).
- At or near the rear.
- Not current.
- (predicative) Returned or restored to a previous place or condition.
- Situated away from the main or most frequented areas.
- Moving or operating backward.
- In arrears; overdue.
- located at or near the back of an animal
- related to or located at the back
noun
- (mining) The roof of a horizontal underground passage.
- (swimming) Clipping of backstroke.
- (slang, uncountable) Effort, usually physical.
- (sports) In some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.
- (figuratively) The upper part of a natural object which is considered to resemble an animal’s back.
- (slang, uncountable) Large and attractive buttocks.
- A support or resource in reserve.
- Area behind, such as the backyard of a house or the rear storeroom of a retail store.
- The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen.
- The side of a blade opposite the side used for cutting.
- Among leather dealers, one of the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
- A ferryboat.
- The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.
- The part of something that goes last.
- The backrest, the part of a piece of furniture which receives the human back.
- (nautical) The keel and keelson of a ship.
- (figurative) The part of a piece of clothing which covers the back.
- A non-alcoholic drink (often water or a soft drink), to go with hard liquor or a cocktail.
- The side of any object which is opposite the front or useful side.
- The spine and associated tissues.
- The edge of a book which is bound.
- A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.
- (printing) The inside margin of a page.
- That which is farthest away from the front.
- (football) a person who plays in the backfield
- the part of a garment that covers the back of your body
- (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage
- the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book
- the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord
- the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
- the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine
- the side that goes last or is not normally seen
- a support that you can lean against while sitting
verb
- (transitive) To push or force backwards.
- (law, of a justice of the peace) To sign or endorse (a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender).
- (transitive) To support.
- (MLE, transitive) To draw from behind the back (a knife etc.) (as also back out).
- (intransitive) To go in the reverse direction.
- (nautical, of the wind) To change direction contrary to the normal pattern; that is, to shift anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere, or clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
- (UK, of a hunting dog) To stand still behind another dog which has pointed.
- To row backward with (oars).
- (nautical, of a square sail) To brace the yards so that the wind presses on the front of the sail, to slow the ship.
- To make a back for; to furnish with a back.
- To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
- (nautical, of an anchor) To lay out a second, smaller anchor to provide additional holding power.
- (Nigeria, transitive) To carry an infant on one’s back.
- To write upon the back of, possibly as an endorsement.
- be in back of
- travel backward
- establish as valid or genuine
- place a bet on
- give support or one's approval to
- strengthen by providing with a back or backing
- shift to a counterclockwise direction
- support financial backing for
- be behind; approve of
- cause to travel backward
adv
conj
noun
prep
adv
- To an earlier time.
- At or towards the front; in the direction one is facing or moving.
- So as to be further advanced, either spatially or in an abstract sense; to be superior.
- To a later time.
- In or for the future.
- At an earlier time; beforehand; in advance.
- to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future)
- ahead of time; in anticipation
- toward the future; forward in time
- at or in the front
- leading or ahead in a competition
- to a more advanced or advantageous position
- in a forward direction
adj
adv
- Toward or into the past.
- In a reversed order or sequence.
- In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.
- (figuratively) Oppositely to the desired direction of progress, or from a better to a worse state.
- At, near or towards the rear of something.
- By way of reflection; reflexively.
- In a reversed orientation; back to front.
- In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
- at or to or toward the back or rear
- in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal
- in or to or toward a past time
adj
- Slow to apprehend; having difficulties in learning.
- Acting or moving in the direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing.
- (figuratively) Acting or moving oppositely to the desired direction of progress.
- (often in negative constructions) Reluctant or unwilling to advance or act; shy.
- (chess) Of a pawn, further behind than pawns of the same colour on adjacent files and unable to be moved forward safely.
- (cricket) On that part of the field behind the batsman's popping crease.
- Of a culture, country, practice etc., undeveloped or unsophisticated.
- Situated toward or at the rear of something.
- Reversed in order or sequence.
- Late or behindhand.
- Lacking progressive or enlightened thought; outdated.
- Acting or moving in the direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
- Retarded in development; not as advanced as would be expected.
- (cricket) Further behind the batsman's popping crease than something else.
- retarded in intellectual development
- (used of temperament or behavior) marked by a retiring nature
- having made less than normal progress
- directed or facing toward the back or rear
noun
adv
- from an earlier time
- away from a more central or a more northerly place
- in an inactive or inoperative state
- to a lower intensity
- spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position
- paid in cash at time of purchase
- At or towards any place that is visualised as 'down' by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change.
- Away from the city (regardless of direction).
- (crosswords, in relation to a numbered clued word) In a downwards direction; vertically.
- To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).
- (sentence substitute, imperative) Get down.
- Forward, straight ahead.
- On paper (or in a durable record).
- To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank.
- So as to be cowed into silence.
- Into a state of non-operation.
- (comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
- From less to greater detail.
- Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, permanence, or success rather than being of indefinite duration.
- (comparable) At a lower or further place or position along a set path.
- To or towards what is considered the bottom of something, irrespective of whether this is presently physically lower.
- So as to lessen quantity, level or intensity.
- (sports) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports).
- From a remoter or higher antiquity.
- (rail transport) In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
- As a down payment.
- So as to reduce size, weight or volume.
- So as to secure or compress something to the floor, ground, or other (usually horizontal) surface.
adj
- being put out in a game of baseball
- lower than previously
- extending or moving from a higher to a lower place
- filled with melancholy and despondency
- understood perfectly
- becoming progressively lower
- shut
- not functioning (temporarily or permanently)
- being or moving lower in position or less in some value
- (baseball, cricket, colloquial, following the noun modified) Out.
- (not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.
- (not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.
- Having a lower score than an opponent.
- (veterinary medicine, of a cow) Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.
- (rail transport, of a train) Travelling in the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
- Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).
- (normally in the combination 'down with') Sick or ill.
- (informal) Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low.
- (slang) In prison.
- (of a tree, limb, etc) Fallen or felled.
- At a lower level than before.
- (colloquial, with "on") Negative about; hostile to.
- (Canada, US, slang) Comfortable [with]; accepting [of]; okay [with].
- Facing downwards.
- Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)
- (not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.
- (African-American Vernacular, slang) Accepted, respected, or loyally participating in the (thug) community.
noun
- fine soft dense hair (as the fine short hair of cattle or deer or the wool of sheep or the undercoat of certain dogs)
- soft fine feathers
- (usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil
- (American football) a complete play to advance the football
- Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
- The lightest quark with a charge number of −¹⁄₃.
- (usually in the plural) A field, especially one used for horse racing.
- (UK, chiefly in the plural) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep.
- (gambling) The shift or period of time during which a dealer manages a given table before rotating to the next table at a casino or cardroom, which is often 30 minutes.
- (American football) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.
- A downstairs room of a two-story house.
- The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
- A negative aspect; a downer, a downside.
- That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down.
- (especially Southern England, also Australia, often plural, often in place names) A hill; in England, especially a chalk hill.
- (crosswording) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.
- (botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.
- Down payment.
- A downer, depressant.
- An act of swallowing an entire drink at once.
verb
- eat up completely, as with great appetite
- shoot at and force to come down
- improve or perfect by pruning or polishing
- bring down or defeat (an opponent)
- drink down entirely
- cause to come or go down
- (transitive, golf, pocket billiards) To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket.
- (transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell.
- (transitive, colloquial) To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty.
- (transitive) Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.).
- (transitive, colloquial) To disparage; to put down.
- (transitive, American football, Canadian football) To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession.
- (transitive, figurative) To defeat; to overpower.
- (transitive) To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.
- (transitive) To lower; to put (something) down.
prep
- From one end to another of (in any direction); along.
- Towards the mouth of (a river); in the direction of flow of.
- (UK, Ireland) To (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).
- From north to south of.
- (UK, Ireland) At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).
- From the higher end to the lower of.
adj
- Former, previous.
- belonging to some prior time
- Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
- That is no longer in existence.
- Of a species or language, belonging to a lineage that is distantly related to others.
- (UK) Being a graduate or alumnus of a school, especially a public school.
- Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
- Familiar.
- (informal, of a person or pet) Indicating affection and familiarity.
- Tiresome after prolonged repetition.
- Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.
- A grammatical intensifier, often used in describing something positive, and combined with another adjective.
- Said of subdued colors, particularly reds, pinks and oranges, as if they had faded over time.
- Designed for a mature audience; unsuitable for children below a certain age.
- Obsolete; out-of-date.
- Having existed or lived for the specified time.
- Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
- skilled through long experience
- of long duration; not new
- excellent
- (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age
- just preceding something else in time or order
- (used for emphasis) very familiar
noun
- past times
- (slang, most often plural) One's parents.
- (slang) A person older than oneself, especially an adult in relation to a teenager.
- (Australia, uncountable) A typically dark-coloured lager brewed by the traditional top-fermentation method.
- (with the, invariable plural only) People who are old; old beings; the older generation, taken as a group.
adj
- well in the past; former
- drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted
- stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)
- destroyed or killed
- used up or no longer available
- dead
- (slang) Infatuated; in love (+ on, for, in).
- Used with a duration to indicate for how long a process has been developing, an action has been performed or a state has persisted; especially, pregnant.
- Of an arrow: wide of the mark.
- Used up.
- No longer existing, having passed.
- (colloquial) Not fully aware of one's surroundings, often through intoxication or mental decline.
- Away, having left.
- Broken, failed.
- Dead.
- Doomed, done for.
- (US) Weak; faint; feeling a sense of goneness.
contraction
prep
verb
adj
noun
adj
- Of a period of time: having just gone by; previous.
- (postmodifier) Following expressions of time to indicate how long ago something happened; ago.
- (grammar) Of a tense, expressing action that has already happened or a previously-existing state.
- Having already happened; in the past; finished.
- of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office
- earlier than the present time; no longer current
adv
noun
prep
adj
noun
- The name of the Latin script letter X/x.
- (Canada) Clipping of exhibition.
- (colloquial) A former partner or spouse; an ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife, or ex-husband.
- a woman who was formerly a particular man's wife
- the 24th letter of the Roman alphabet
- a man who was formerly a certain woman's husband
verb
adj
det
noun
verb
adv
- (postpositive) Earlier, ago.
- Towards, into or in the past.
- In a manner that impedes.
- To a later point in time. See also put back.
- In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.
- Away from someone or something; at a distance.
- So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so.
- (not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place.
- (not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return.
- In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively.
- Away from the front or from an edge.
- in or to or toward a former location
- in reply
- at or to or toward the back or rear
- in repayment or retaliation
- in or to or toward a past time
- in or to or toward an original condition
adj
- of an earlier date
- (comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).
- At or near the rear.
- Not current.
- (predicative) Returned or restored to a previous place or condition.
- Situated away from the main or most frequented areas.
- Moving or operating backward.
- In arrears; overdue.
- located at or near the back of an animal
- related to or located at the back
noun
- (mining) The roof of a horizontal underground passage.
- (swimming) Clipping of backstroke.
- (slang, uncountable) Effort, usually physical.
- (sports) In some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.
- (figuratively) The upper part of a natural object which is considered to resemble an animal’s back.
- (slang, uncountable) Large and attractive buttocks.
- A support or resource in reserve.
- Area behind, such as the backyard of a house or the rear storeroom of a retail store.
- The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen.
- The side of a blade opposite the side used for cutting.
- Among leather dealers, one of the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
- A ferryboat.
- The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.
- The part of something that goes last.
- The backrest, the part of a piece of furniture which receives the human back.
- (nautical) The keel and keelson of a ship.
- (figurative) The part of a piece of clothing which covers the back.
- A non-alcoholic drink (often water or a soft drink), to go with hard liquor or a cocktail.
- The side of any object which is opposite the front or useful side.
- The spine and associated tissues.
- The edge of a book which is bound.
- A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.
- (printing) The inside margin of a page.
- That which is farthest away from the front.
- (football) a person who plays in the backfield
- the part of a garment that covers the back of your body
- (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage
- the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book
- the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord
- the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
- the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine
- the side that goes last or is not normally seen
- a support that you can lean against while sitting
verb
- (transitive) To push or force backwards.
- (law, of a justice of the peace) To sign or endorse (a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender).
- (transitive) To support.
- (MLE, transitive) To draw from behind the back (a knife etc.) (as also back out).
- (intransitive) To go in the reverse direction.
- (nautical, of the wind) To change direction contrary to the normal pattern; that is, to shift anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere, or clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
- (UK, of a hunting dog) To stand still behind another dog which has pointed.
- To row backward with (oars).
- (nautical, of a square sail) To brace the yards so that the wind presses on the front of the sail, to slow the ship.
- To make a back for; to furnish with a back.
- To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
- (nautical, of an anchor) To lay out a second, smaller anchor to provide additional holding power.
- (Nigeria, transitive) To carry an infant on one’s back.
- To write upon the back of, possibly as an endorsement.
- be in back of
- travel backward
- establish as valid or genuine
- place a bet on
- give support or one's approval to
- strengthen by providing with a back or backing
- shift to a counterclockwise direction
- support financial backing for
- be behind; approve of
- cause to travel backward