Parole in English per '(transitive) To improve a prototype, or first draft.'
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verb
- (transitive) To improve a prototype, or first draft.
- (transitive, slang, idiomatic) To subject (a person) to a severe scolding, interrogation, beating, etc.
- (transitive, slang, idiomatic) To physically attack in order to cause injury.
- give a beating to; subject to a beating, either as a punishment or as an act of aggression
verb
noun
- (semantics) An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes.
- (computing) A declaration of a function that specifies the name, return type, and parameters, but none of the body or actual code.
- (motor racing) A type of race car, a racing sports car not based on a production car. A 4-wheeled cockpit-seating car built especially for racing on sports car circuits, that does not use the silhouette related to a consumer road car.
- An early sample or model built to test a concept or process.
- An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models.
- a standard or typical example
verb
- (transitive) To write a first version; to make a preliminary sketch.
- (transitive, sports, US) To select a rookie player onto a professional sports team.
- (gaming) To play a collectible card game by selecting from a shared pool of cards.
- To select (someone or something) for a particular role or purpose.
- (transitive, US) To conscript (a person); to force (a person) to serve in some capacity, especially in the military.
- (ambitransitive) To follow very closely (behind another vehicle), thereby providing an aerodynamic advantage to both lead and follower and conserving energy or increasing speed.
- To select and separate an animal or animals from a group.
- To draw fibers out of a clump, for spinning in the production of yarn.
- To write a law.
- To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing.
- To draw out; to call forth.
- make a blueprint of
- draw up an outline or sketch for something
- engage somebody to enter the army
adj
noun
- A current of air, usually coming into a room or vehicle.
- (especially Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania) A ravine or narrow valley, especially one through which a stream (at least intermittently) flows.
- (nautical) The depth of water needed to float a particular ship; the depth from the waterline to the bottom of a vessel's hull; the depth of water drawn by a vessel.
- (American spelling, rail transport) The pulling force (tension) on couplers and draft gear during a slack (stretched) condition.
- An unsent e-mail.
- (sports, US) A system of assigning rookie players to professional sports teams.
- Liquid, especially beer or other alcohol, drawn from a cask or keg rather than a bottle or can.
- A person who has been drafted; a conscript or draftee.
- The quantity of liquid (such as water, alcohol, or medicine) drunk in one swallow.
- A small stream or tributary.
- (politics, US) A system of forcing or convincing people to take an elected position.
- An act of drinking.
- (gaming) A style of play in collectible card games, where players select from a shared pool of cards.
- A preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.
- The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, so that it can be drawn from the sand without damaging the mould.
- A dose (of medicine, alcohol, etc.).
- (US, Canada, usually with the) Conscription; the system of forcing people to serve in the military.
- A version of a written work (such as a book or paper) or drawing.
- The draw through a flue of gasses or smoke resulting from a combustion process.
- a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle)
- a dose of liquid medicine
- the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling
- a large and hurried swallow
- a preliminary sketch of a design or picture
- the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded)
- a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg
- a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
- any of the various versions in the development of a written work
- a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another
- compulsory military service
noun
- An unfinished or unfinalized version; a draft, prototype.
- (chemistry) All the additional procedures and reactions carried out after the main chemical reaction to obtain the desired product.
- (countable, medicine) A general medical examination to assess a person's health and fitness.
- (uncountable) Synonym of scrub baseball.
- (military) A period of training or preparation, typically for a specific operation.
verb
- (transitive) To bring into commerce from an earlier condition (such as idea alone, experimental prototypes alone, or one-off custom builds only).
- (transitive) To apply business methodology to something in order to profit (such as introducing salability to a resource that comes from, or rightfully belongs to, the commons).
- (transitive) To exploit something for maximum financial gain, sometimes by sacrificing quality.
- exploit for maximal profit, usually by sacrificing quality
- make commercial
verb
- (transitive) To make a copy of, as of a design.
- (transitive, slang) To kill.
- (transitive, slang) To rob.
- To remove (something or someone) by hitting.
- (transitive) To assign (an item) to a bidder at an auction, indicated by knocking on the counter.
- (transitive, slang, vulgar, British) To have sex with (a woman).
- (transitive) To remove, as a discount or estimate.
- (sports, by extension) To defeat.
- (transitive, informal) To accomplish hastily.
- (ambitransitive, slang) To halt one's work or other activity.
- cut the price of
- stop pursuing or acting
- write quickly
- take by theft
- get rid of (someone who may be a threat) by killing
noun
verb
- (transitive) To test or have a preliminary trial of (an idea, a new product, television show, etc.)
- (transitive) To guide (a vessel) through coastal waters.
- (transitive) To control (an aircraft or watercraft).
- (transitive) To guide or conduct (a person) somewhere.
- (rail transport, of a locomotive) To serve as the leading locomotive on a double-headed train.
- act as the navigator in a car, plane, or vessel and plan, direct, plot the path and position of the conveyance
- operate an airplane
adj
noun
- One who flies a kite.
- A pilot light.
- A short plug, sometimes made interchangeable, at the end of a counterbore to guide the tool.
- A person who steers a ship, a helmsman.
- (Australia, road transport, informal) A pilot vehicle.
- (aviation) A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.
- Something serving as a test or trial.
- (mining) The heading or excavation of relatively small dimensions, first made in the driving of a larger tunnel.
- An instrument for detecting the compass error.
- (telecommunications, often attributive) A tone or signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for control or synchronization purposes.
- A guide book for maritime navigation.
- A person who knows well the depths, shoals, and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.
- (television) A sample episode of a proposed TV series produced to decide if it should be made or not. If approved, typically the first episode of an actual TV series.
- (Australia, road transport) A person authorised to drive such a vehicle during an escort.
- (rail transport) A cowcatcher.
- A guide or escort through an unknown or dangerous area.
- (Europe, motor racing) A racing driver.
- a person qualified to guide ships through difficult waters going into or out of a harbor
- small auxiliary gas burner that provides a flame to ignite a larger gas burner
- something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies
- an inclined metal frame at the front of a locomotive to clear the track
- a program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors
- someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight
verb
adj
noun
verb
noun
adj
- Prototypical.
- (music) In the form of a canon.
- (mathematics, computing) In canonical form.
- (religion) In conformity with canon law.
- According to recognised or orthodox rules.
- Present in a canon, religious or otherwise.
- (fandom slang) Related to or part of the canon of a fictional universe.
- Stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner.
- (mathematics) Distinguished among entities of its kind, so that it can be picked out in a way that does not depend on any arbitrary choices.
- (religion) Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical chapter.
- appearing in a biblical canon
- of or relating to or required by canon law
- reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality
- conforming to orthodox or recognized rules
noun
verb
- (transitive) To devise a model of (some original), especially to better understand or forecast the original.
- (intransitive) To work as a model in art or fashion.
- (intransitive) To make a model or models.
- (transitive) To make a miniature model of.
- (transitive) To create from a substance such as clay.
- (transitive) To display an item on one's body for others to see the potential effect on their own bodies, especially in regard to wearing clothing while performing the role of a fashion model.
- display (clothes) as a mannequin
- form in clay, wax, etc
- create a representation or simulation of
- construct a model in the likeness of
- plan or create according to a model or models
- assume a posture as for artistic purposes
adj
noun
- (software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that manage the data.
- (biology, medicine) An organism or species that is used to study an aspect of physiology or pathophysiology or a particular disease; often, a nonhuman one used to approximate processes in humans.
- A style, type, or design.
- A successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.
- Any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact.
- The structural design of a complex system.
- (logic) An interpretation which makes a set of sentences true, in which case that interpretation is called a model of that set.
- A representation of a physical object.
- (logic) An interpretation function which assigns a truth value to each atomic proposition.
- A person, usually attractive, who is hired to show items or goods to the public, such as items that are given away as prizes on a TV game show.
- A person who serves as a human template for artwork or fashion.
- A simulation used to analyze the workings of a real world system or event.
- a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process
- a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor
- something to be imitated
- someone worthy of imitation
- a woman who wears clothes to display fashions
- the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)
- representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)
- a representative form or pattern
- a type of product
verb
noun
verb
noun
- A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
- A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.
- A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.
- A subscription to a service.
- A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
- scale drawing of a structure
- a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
- an arrangement scheme
verb
- (transitive) To construct or create anew, especially in an improved manner.
- (intransitive) To become reconstructed.
- (transitive) To revitalize.
- (intransitive) To undergo a spiritual rebirth.
- (transitive, biology) To replace lost or damaged tissue.
- (intransitive) Of a water softener: to flush out the minerals extracted from the water supply.
- amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit
- get or give new life or energy; return to life, regain energy, recuperate
- restore strength
- reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new
- be formed or shaped anew
- undergo regeneration
- bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one
- form or produce anew
- replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue
adj
noun
verb
adj
verb
- (transitive) To revise or adapt (an existing item or process) in order to achieve a new purpose.
- (transitive) To reverse-engineer; to analyze (an existing item) in order to determine how to replicate it.
- (transitive) To develop (a process) by starting with the goal and working backwards to determine the steps needed to achieve it.
verb
- (transitive) To apply or implement (something).
- (transitive, idiomatic) To provide (food or drinks) for free.
- (nautical) To sail towards or to arrive at (a destination).
- To provide.
- (transitive, idiomatic) To repeatedly say (particular types of thing).
- (colloquial) To blame; to shift blame onto someone or something.
- (transitive, slang) To give (money, drugs, etc.) to (someone).
- (UK) To give (something) as a gift, special treat or bonus.
- (transitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To impart or explain (something) in words to (someone).
- (transitive) To cover something with a layer of (something).
- (nautical) To vigorously row (an oar) to propel a boat or ship.
- To do something excessively.
verb
noun
- (rail transport) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs onto the rails in front of the driving wheels, to prevent slipping.
- (wiki jargon) A page on a wiki where users are free to experiment without destroying or damaging any legitimate content.
- A box filled with sand that is shaped to form a mould for metal casting.
- A container for sand or pounce, used historically before blotting paper.
- (US, Canada) A children's play area consisting of a box filled with sand.
- An animal's litter box.
- (US, military, slang, usually "The Sandbox") The Middle East.
- (computing) An isolated area where a program can be executed with a restricted portion of the resources available.
- mold consisting of a box with sand shaped to mold metal
- a plaything consisting of a pile of sand or a box filled with sand for children to play in
verb
- (transitive, informal) To modify (an object) from its original condition, typically to individualize and/or enhance the performance of the object.
- (transitive, Internet, informal) To moderate; to silence or punish (a rule-breaking user) on a forum, especially when done by a moderator.
- (video games) To install or create a mod.
adj
noun
- (Internet slang, originally Twitch-speak, humorous, in the plural) Used to express a wish of removal or, often hyperbolic, harm (as opposed to a literal request to moderators).
- (mathematics, programming) Abbreviation of modulus.
- A festival of Scottish Gaelic song, arts and culture, akin to the Welsh eisteddfod.
- (video games) An end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behaviour of a video game.
- (Internet) A moderator, for example on a discussion forum.
- (computing, informal) A module (file containing a tracker music sequence).
- (politics) Abbreviation of moderate.
- (in the plural, Oxford University, informal) Moderations: university examinations generally taken in the first year.
- (climbing) A moderately difficult route.
- (uncountable) An unconventionally modern style of fashionable dress originating in England in the 1960s, characterized by ankle-length black trenchcoats and sunglasses.
- (UK) A 1960s British person who dressed in such a style and was interested in modernism and the modern music of the time; the opposite of a rocker.
- (statistics) Abbreviation of mode.
- (informal) Clipping of modification.
- a British teenager or young adult in the 1960s; noted for their clothes consciousness and opposition to the rockers
verb
adj
noun
- The testing of a product or procedure.
- (grammar) The trial number.
- (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
- (law) A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
- An event in which athletes’ or animals’ abilities are tested as they compete for a place on a team, or to move on to the next level of a championship, for example.
- (medicine, sciences, research) A research study to test the effectiveness and safety of a drug, medical procedure, etc.
- A difficult or annoying experience or person; (especially religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety.
- An occasion on which a person or thing is tested to find out how well they perform or how suitable they are.
- (UK) An internal examination set by Eton College.
- an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event
- (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications
- the act of testing something
- the act of undergoing testing
- trying something to find out about it
- (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law
verb
adj
noun
- A prefabricated section of a building.
- (British) A single-storey prefabricated home built in many British cities immediately after World War II, intended to have a short life, but in a few cases still in use.
- (programming) A reusable object in a video game world.
- A prefabricated building.
- a prefabricated structure
noun
- (production, engineering) A prototype vehicle, initial production vehicle, lead vehicle in a new manufacturing process, first vehicle produced in a new manufactory.
- (transport) A tending vehicle
- Synonym of pilot engine / pilot locomotive: A yard/station locomotive engine used to shuttle rail cars around a yard or station
- (Australia, road transport) A vehicle used to warn other road users of the presence of an oversized vehicle/combination
- (transport) A lead vehicle
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pilot, vehicle.
- Synonym of pilot engine / pilot locomotive: The leading engine locomotive in a multiple heading train
- Synonym of pilot engine / pilot locomotive: An engine that runs ahead of a train to clear the route
noun
- (figurative, engineering, business) An outline serving as an initial proposal for a project, usually refined iteratively.
- Synonym of straw buyer.
- (figurative) An insubstantial concept, idea, endeavor or argument, particularly one deliberately set up to be weakly supported, e.g. by misrepresenting an opponent's argument by broadening or narrowing the scope of a premise, so that it can be easily knocked down; especially to impugn the strength of any related or contrasted thing or idea.
- A doll or scarecrow, particularly one stuffed with straw.
- (figurative) An innocuous person or someone of nominal or lesser importance, as a front man or straw boss.
- a weak or sham argument set up to be easily refuted
- an effigy in the shape of a man to frighten birds away from seeds
- a male person used as a cover for some questionable activity
verb
verb
- (transitive) To develop or devise in detail; to elaborate.
- (transitive) To smooth or perfect.
- (mining) To remove all the mineral that can be profitably exploited.
- (intransitive, US) To earn a wage working away from one's farm.
- (transitive, intransitive) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see work, out.
- (transitive) To calculate.
- (transitive) To make sense of.
- (intransitive) To conclude with the correct solution.
- (transitive) To bring about or cause to happen by work or effort.
- (intransitive) To exercise, especially by lifting weights.
- (transitive) To resolve; to find a solution for.
- (intransitive) To succeed; to result in a satisfactory situation.
- (transitive) To decide.
- (transitive) To strengthen a part of one’s body by exercise.
- work out in detail
- make a mathematical calculation or computation
- happen in a certain way, leading to, producing, or resulting in a certain outcome, often well
- do physical exercise
- find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of
- give a workout to
- come up with
- be calculated
verb
- (transitive) To develop or give form to (something) according to a plan or process.
- (transitive, computing) To construct (software) by compiling its source code.
- (transitive) To establish a basis for (something).
- (intransitive, computing, of source code) To be converted into software by compilation, usually with minimal human intervention.
- (intransitive) To form by combining materials or parts.
- (intransitive) To develop in magnitude or extent.
- (transitive) To form (something) by combining materials or parts.
- (transitive) To increase or strengthen (something) by adding gradually to.
- bolster or strengthen
- improve the cleansing action of
- develop and grow
- give form to, according to a plan
- order, supervise, or finance the construction of
- form or accumulate steadily
- make by combining materials and parts
- be engaged in building
- build or establish something abstract
- found or ground
noun
- (countable, uncountable) The physique of a human or animal body, or other object; constitution or structure.
- (gaming, slang, countable) A structure, such as a building, statue, pool or forest created by the player.
- (countable) The process or period of constructing a physical object.
- (computing, countable) Any of various versions of a software product as it is being developed for release to users.
- (gaming, slang, countable) A configuration of a character's items or skills created by the player.
- constitution of the human body
- alternative names for the body of a human being
verb
- (transitive) To describe in the form of a rundown, a rough outline or summary.
- (transitive, intransitive) To lose power slowly. Used for a machine, battery, or other powered device.
- (transitive) To criticize someone or an organisation, often unfairly.
- (transitive, typography) To move (some copy) down to the next line.
- (British, transitive) To reduce the size or stock levels of a business, often with a view to closure.
- (nautical, transitive) To run against and sink, as a vessel.
- (transitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To approach (someone, thing or place) aggressively, as to attack.
- (transitive) To read quickly a list or other short text.
- To decline in quality or condition.
- (transitive) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear.
- (hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted.
- (transitive) To hit someone with a car or other vehicle and injure or kill them.
- (transitive) To find something or someone after searching for a long time.
- deplete
- use up all one's strength and energy and stop working
- examine hastily
- trace
- pursue until captured
- move downward
- injure or kill by knocking (someone or something) down and passing over the body, as with a vehicle
verb
noun
- An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of infrared light and radio waves.
- Ellipsis of microwave oven.
- a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data
- kitchen appliance that cooks food by passing an electromagnetic wave through it; heat results from the absorption of energy by the water molecules in the food
verb
- (transitive) To make or construct something in haste or in a makeshift manner.
- (transitive, intransitive, animation) To outfit a model with controls for animation.
- (transitive, manufacturing) To move (a heavy object) with the help of slings, hoists, block and tackle, levers, or similar equipment.
- (transitive) To manipulate something dishonestly for personal gain or discriminatory purposes.
- (transitive, informal) To dress or clothe in some costume.
- (transitive, nautical) To equip and fit (a ship) with sails, shrouds, and yards.
- equip with sails or masts
- manipulate in a fraudulent manner
- connect or secure to
- arrange the outcome of by means of deceit
noun
- A promiscuous woman.
- (slang) Equipment used for taking recreational drugs.
- (slang, computing) A personal computer, typically one modified for looks.
- The special apparatus used for drilling wells.
- (US) A large truck, especially a semi-trailer truck.
- (algebra, ring theory) An algebraic structure similar to a ring, but without the requirement that every element have an additive inverse.
- (slang) Radio equipment, especially a citizen's band transceiver.
- (nautical) The rigging of a sailing ship or other such craft.
- An imperfectly castrated horse, sheep etc.
- (informal) A costume or an outfit.
- (Northern England, Scotland, dialect) A ridge.
- Special equipment or gear used for a particular purpose.
- (animation) A model outfitted with parameterized controls for animation.
- a set of clothing (with accessories)
- gear used in fishing
- formation of masts, spars, sails, etc., on a vessel
- the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme
- a truck consisting of a tractor and trailer together
- gear (including necessary machinery) for a particular enterprise
- a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses
verb
- (transitive) To improve, usually applied to technology, generally by complete replacement of one or more components.
- (transitive) To improve the equipment or furnishings of or services rendered to.
- (transitive) To replace with something better.
- (intransitive, transitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.
- (intransitive) To improve in condition or status.
- give better travel conditions to
- get better travel conditions
- give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
- rate higher; raise in value or esteem
- to improve what was old or outdated
adv
noun
- An upward grade or slope.
- An improvement.
- An improved component or replacement item, usually applied to technology.
- a reservation that is improved
- the property possessed by a slope or surface that rises
- software that provides better performance than an earlier version did
- an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
- hardware that provides better performance than an earlier version did
- the act of improving something (especially machinery) by raising it to a higher grade (as by adding or replacing components)
verb
noun
verb
- (transitive) To make by altering or fitting something else; to produce by change of form or character.
- (transitive) To fit by alteration; to modify or remodel for a different purpose; to adjust.
- (intransitive) To make oneself comfortable to a new thing.
- (transitive) To make suitable; to make to correspond; to fit or suit.
- adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions
- make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
adj
verb
- (transitive) To cause to project.
- (transitive) To cause or experience debilitating muscle or joint pain in (a body part).
- (idiomatic) To dismiss or expel someone from any longer performing duty or attending somewhere.
- (transitive) To put into a state of confusion.
- (idiomatic) To discard; to dispense with something; to throw away.
- (transitive) To emit.
- (idiomatic) To offer an idea for consideration.
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see throw, out.
- (transitive) To utter carelessly (a remark, suggestion, proposal, etc.).
- (transitive) To outdistance; to leave behind.
- To produce in a haphazard fashion.
- bring forward for consideration or acceptance
- remove from a position or office
- throw or cast away
- force to leave or move out
- cease to consider; put out of judicial consideration
noun
verb
noun
verb
- (transitive) To create.
- (mathematics) To change the form of (an algebraic expression, etc.) by executing certain indicated operations without changing the value.
- (intransitive) To change with a specific direction, progress.
- (transitive) To acquire something usually over a period of time.
- (ambitransitive) To progress through a sequence of stages.
- (snooker, pool) To cause a ball to become more open and available to be played on later. Usually by moving it away from the cushion, or by opening a pack.
- (transitive) To bring out images latent in photographic film.
- (transitive) To advance; to further; to promote the growth of.
- (chess, transitive) To place one's pieces actively.
- superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
- make visible by means of chemical solutions
- change the use of and make available or usable
- work out
- come into existence; take on form or shape
- cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development
- grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment
- elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
- grow emotionally or mature
- create by training and teaching
- make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
- become technologically advanced
- expand in the form of a series
- happen
- be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest
- move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions
- gain through experience
- generate gradually
- come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)
- elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme
- move into a strategically more advantageous position
verb
noun
- (computing) An initial segment of a string of characters.
- (telecommunications) A set of digits placed before a telephone number, to indicate where the number is based, what type of phone number it is (landline, mobile, toll-free, premium rate etc.)
- (grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.
- A title added to a person's name, such as Mr. or Dr.
- an affix that is added in front of the word
verb
noun
- (sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.
- Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
- (sciences) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.
- (cinematography, computer graphics, demoscene) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")
- The result or outcome of a cause.
- Execution; performance; realization; operation.
- (usually in the plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.
- (sciences, statistics) An influence or causal association between two variables.
- Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; with to.
- (uncountable) The state of being binding and enforceable, as in a rule, policy, or law.
- a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
- the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
- an outward appearance
- a symptom caused by an illness or a drug
- an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived)
- (of a law) having legal validity
verb
- (transitive) To build or form (something) by assembling parts.
- (transitive, geometry) To draw (a geometric figure) by following precise specifications and using geometric tools and techniques.
- (transitive, grammar) To build (a sentence, an argument, etc.) by arranging words or ideas.
- create by linking linguistic units
- put together out of artificial or natural components or parts
- reassemble mentally
- draw with suitable instruments and under specified conditions
- make by combining materials and parts
- create by organizing and linking ideas, arguments, or concepts
noun
verb
- (transitive) To implement, to employ, to put into use.
- (transitive) To reprove or reproach (a person).
- (transitive) To remove (a ground or floor surface, including the bed of a road or the track of a railway).
- (transitive) To occupy; to consume (space or time).
- (transitive) To absorb (a liquid), to soak up.
- (transitive) To join in (saying something).
- (transitive) To begin doing (an activity) on a regular basis.
- (transitive) To tighten or wind in (a rope, slack, etc.)
- (transitive, sewing) To shorten (a garment), especially by hemming.
- (transitive) To address or discuss (an issue).
- (transitive, Canada) To review the solutions to a test or other assessment with a class.
- (transitive) To accept, to adopt (a proposal, offer, request, cause, challenge, etc.).
- (transitive, chiefly British) To pay off, to clear (a debt, loan, mortgage, etc.).
- (transitive) To take, to assume (one’s appointed or intended place).
- (transitive) To begin functioning in (a role or position), to assume (an office).
- (transitive) To begin to support or patronize, to sponsor (a person), to adopt as protégé.
- (ambitransitive) To resume, to return to something that was interrupted.
- (transitive, with 'on') To accept (a proposal, offer, request, cause, challenge, etc.) from.
- (transitive, Australia, New Zealand) To begin occupying and working (a plot of uncultivated land), to break in.
- (transitive) To pick up.
- pursue or resume
- take out or up with or as if with a scoop
- turn one's interest to
- take up time or space
- accept
- take up as if with a sponge
- adopt
- take up a liquid or a gas either by adsorption or by absorption
- begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job
- return to a previous location or condition
- take up and practice as one's own
- occupy or take on
- take in, also metaphorically
noun
verb
adj
- comparative form of well: more well
- Greater or lesser (whichever is seen as more advantageous), in reference to value, distance, time, etc.
- Greater in amount or quantity
- comparative form of good: more good
- Healed or recovered from an injury or illness.
- (comparative of ‘good’) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another
- more than half
- (comparative of ‘good’) changed for the better in health or fitness
- (comparative and superlative of ‘well’) wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable
adv
noun
verb
- (transitive, engineering) To place (something) in a position where it can be added to an existing mechanical assembly.
- (intransitive) To propose or express one's willingness (to do something).
- (transitive) To present (something) for sale.
- (transitive) To place at someone’s disposal; to present (something) to be either accepted or turned down.
- (transitive) To present (something) to God or gods, as a gesture of worship or as a sacrifice.
- (transitive, of a thing) To present (something) to the sight etc.; to provide for use, consideration etc.
- (transitive) To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest.
- (transitive) To put in opposition to; to manifest in an offensive or defensive way; to threaten.
- (transitive) To bid, as a price, reward, or wages.
- (intransitive) To happen, to present itself.
- ask (someone) to marry you
- present for acceptance or rejection
- produce or introduce on the stage
- offer verbally
- propose a payment
- agree freely
- mount or put up
- threaten to do something
- give something useful or necessary to
- present as an act of worship
- make available for sale
- make available; provide
- put forward for consideration
noun
- Something put forth, bid, proffered or tendered.
- A proposal that has been made.
- (used in combinations from phrasal verbs) agent noun of off
- (law) An invitation to enter into a binding contract communicated to another party which contains terms sufficiently definite to create an enforceable contract if the other party accepts the invitation.
- a usually brief attempt
- the verbal act of offering
- something offered (as a proposal or bid)
verb
- (transitive) To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of.
- (transitive) To place in the ground.
- (transitive) To set up; to install; to instate.
- (ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.
- (transitive) To place or set something firmly or with conviction.
- (transitive) To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish.
- (transitive) To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.
- (transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.
- (transitive) To furnish or supply with plants.
- put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground
- fix or set securely or deeply
- place into a river
- put firmly in the mind
- place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or deceive
- set up or lay the groundwork for
noun
- (botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.
- A person, placed amongst an audience, whose role is to cause confusion, laughter etc.
- An object placed surreptitiously in order to cause suspicion to fall upon a person.
- (control theory) A system, such as a motor, whose behaviour is being regulated or controlled by a control system.
- (botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae. Now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.
- Anyone assigned to behave as a member of the public during a covert operation (as in a police investigation).
- (Australia) The equipment and work animals of a drover or other rural worker travelling through the countryside.
- (US, dialect) A young oyster suitable for transplanting.
- (ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.
- An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth.
- (countable) A factory or other industrial or institutional building or facility.
- (uncountable) Machinery and other supplies and equipment, such as the kind used in heavy industry, light industry, earthmoving, or construction.
- (proscribed as biologically inaccurate) Any creature that grows on soil or similar surfaces, including plants and fungi.
- (snooker) A play in which the cue ball knocks one (usually red) ball onto another, in order to pot the second; a set.
- buildings for carrying on industrial labor
- (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion
- an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
- something planted secretly for discovery by another
verb
- (transitive) To compose (a visual design); to make a composite.
- (intransitive, US) To accompany, in music.
- (transitive) To provide (someone) with a complimentary item, such as a ticket; to provide (someone) with something for free.
- (transitive) To provide (a complimentary item, such as a ticket) for free (either up front or sometimes by refunding the cost of it).
- Clipping of compile.
adj
noun
- Clipping of complimentary ticket or complimentary item.
- Clipping of compilation.
- (informal) Clipping of compensation.
- Clipping of comp card.
- Alternative form of comp.
- (education) Clipping of comprehensive examination.
- Clipping of composition.
- Clipping of computer science, especially an academic program.
- Clipping of comptroller (“chief accountant”).
- (British, education) Clipping of comprehensive school.
- Clipping of comparable.
- (design) Clipping of comprehensive layout, a graphic design showing final proposed layout of text and images.
- Clipping of competition.
- Clipping of composite.
- Clipping of compositor.
- an intensive examination testing a student's proficiency in some special field of knowledge
verb
- (transitive) To improve or rectify.
- (transitive) To settle an insurance claim.
- (intransitive) To change to fit circumstances.
- (transitive) To modify.
- alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard
- adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions
- place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight
- make correspondent or conformable
- decide how much is to be paid on an insurance claim
verb
- (transitive) To create, increase or develop.
- (figurative) To cause (a dead person) to live again; to resurrect.
- (metalworking, transitive) To emboss (sheet metal), or to form it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.
- To cause something to come to the surface of water.
- Misspelling of raze.
- (law) To create; to constitute (a use, or a beneficial interest in property).
- To establish contact with (e.g., by telephone or radio).
- To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.
- (arithmetic) To exponentiate, to involute.
- (physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.
- (nautical) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it.
- To collect or amass.
- (linguistics, transitive, of a vowel) To produce a vowel with the tongue positioned closer to the roof of the mouth.
- To increase the nominal value of (a cheque, money order, etc.) by fraudulently changing the writing or printing in which the sum payable is specified.
- (India, transitive) To open, initiate.
- To promote.
- (military, transitive) To relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done.
- (poker, intransitive) To respond to a bet by increasing the amount required to continue in the hand.
- To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect.
- To mention (a question, issue) for discussion.
- (linguistics, transitive, of a verb) To extract (a subject or other verb argument) out of an inner clause.
- (military) To remove or break up (a blockade), either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.
- To bring up; to grow.
- (programming, transitive) To instantiate and transmit (an exception, by throwing it, or an event).
- To make (bread, etc.) light, as by yeast or leaven.
- raise in rank or condition
- summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic
- put forward for consideration or discussion
- give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
- increase the level of
- put an end to a situation
- bid (one's partner's suit) at a higher level
- bring (a surface or a design) into relief and cause to project
- bet more than the previous player
- create a disturbance, especially by making a great noise
- collect funds for a specific purpose
- cause to be heard or known; express or utter
- move upwards
- call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
- cause to become alive again
- cause to puff up with a leaven
- raise the level or amount of something
- activate or stir up
- multiply (a number) by itself a specified number of times: 8 is 2 raised to the power 3
- invigorate or heighten
- establish radio communications with
- raise from a lower to a higher position
- construct, build, or erect
- cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques
- pronounce (vowels) by bringing the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth
- register formally as a participant or member
- look after a child until it is an adult
- cause to assemble or enlist in military
noun
- (curling) A shot in which the delivered stone bumps another stone forward.
- (weightlifting) A shoulder exercise in which the arms are elevated against resistance.
- (mining) A shaft or a winze that is dug from below, for purposes such as ventilation, local extraction of ore, or exploration.
- A cairn or pile of stones.
- (poker) A bet that increases the previous bet.
- (US) Ellipsis of pay raise (“an increase in wages or salary”).
- increasing the size of a bet (as in poker)
- the act of raising something
- an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
- the amount a salary is increased
verb
noun
- (slang) Marijuana.
- (acting, often "the method") A technique for acting based on the ideas articulated by Konstantin Stanislavski and focusing on authentically experiencing the inner life of the character being portrayed.
- (object-oriented programming) A subroutine or function belonging to a class or object.
- (uncountable) Systematicity, methodicalness, intentionality, order
- (skateboarding, snowboarding) Ellipsis of method air.
- (countable) A process by which a task is completed; a way of doing something (followed by the adposition of, to or for before the purpose of the process).
- an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed
- a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
noun
- An unfinished or unfinalized version; a draft, prototype.
- (chemistry) All the additional procedures and reactions carried out after the main chemical reaction to obtain the desired product.
- (countable, medicine) A general medical examination to assess a person's health and fitness.
- (uncountable) Synonym of scrub baseball.
- (military) A period of training or preparation, typically for a specific operation.
noun
- (production, engineering) A prototype vehicle, initial production vehicle, lead vehicle in a new manufacturing process, first vehicle produced in a new manufactory.
- (transport) A tending vehicle
- Synonym of pilot engine / pilot locomotive: A yard/station locomotive engine used to shuttle rail cars around a yard or station
- (Australia, road transport) A vehicle used to warn other road users of the presence of an oversized vehicle/combination
- (transport) A lead vehicle
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pilot, vehicle.
- Synonym of pilot engine / pilot locomotive: The leading engine locomotive in a multiple heading train
- Synonym of pilot engine / pilot locomotive: An engine that runs ahead of a train to clear the route
noun
- (figurative, engineering, business) An outline serving as an initial proposal for a project, usually refined iteratively.
- Synonym of straw buyer.
- (figurative) An insubstantial concept, idea, endeavor or argument, particularly one deliberately set up to be weakly supported, e.g. by misrepresenting an opponent's argument by broadening or narrowing the scope of a premise, so that it can be easily knocked down; especially to impugn the strength of any related or contrasted thing or idea.
- A doll or scarecrow, particularly one stuffed with straw.
- (figurative) An innocuous person or someone of nominal or lesser importance, as a front man or straw boss.
- a weak or sham argument set up to be easily refuted
- an effigy in the shape of a man to frighten birds away from seeds
- a male person used as a cover for some questionable activity
verb
verb
noun
verb
- (transitive) To improve a prototype, or first draft.
- (transitive, slang, idiomatic) To subject (a person) to a severe scolding, interrogation, beating, etc.
- (transitive, slang, idiomatic) To physically attack in order to cause injury.
- give a beating to; subject to a beating, either as a punishment or as an act of aggression
verb
noun
- (semantics) An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes.
- (computing) A declaration of a function that specifies the name, return type, and parameters, but none of the body or actual code.
- (motor racing) A type of race car, a racing sports car not based on a production car. A 4-wheeled cockpit-seating car built especially for racing on sports car circuits, that does not use the silhouette related to a consumer road car.
- An early sample or model built to test a concept or process.
- An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models.
- a standard or typical example
verb
- (transitive) To write a first version; to make a preliminary sketch.
- (transitive, sports, US) To select a rookie player onto a professional sports team.
- (gaming) To play a collectible card game by selecting from a shared pool of cards.
- To select (someone or something) for a particular role or purpose.
- (transitive, US) To conscript (a person); to force (a person) to serve in some capacity, especially in the military.
- (ambitransitive) To follow very closely (behind another vehicle), thereby providing an aerodynamic advantage to both lead and follower and conserving energy or increasing speed.
- To select and separate an animal or animals from a group.
- To draw fibers out of a clump, for spinning in the production of yarn.
- To write a law.
- To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing.
- To draw out; to call forth.
- make a blueprint of
- draw up an outline or sketch for something
- engage somebody to enter the army
adj
noun
- A current of air, usually coming into a room or vehicle.
- (especially Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania) A ravine or narrow valley, especially one through which a stream (at least intermittently) flows.
- (nautical) The depth of water needed to float a particular ship; the depth from the waterline to the bottom of a vessel's hull; the depth of water drawn by a vessel.
- (American spelling, rail transport) The pulling force (tension) on couplers and draft gear during a slack (stretched) condition.
- An unsent e-mail.
- (sports, US) A system of assigning rookie players to professional sports teams.
- Liquid, especially beer or other alcohol, drawn from a cask or keg rather than a bottle or can.
- A person who has been drafted; a conscript or draftee.
- The quantity of liquid (such as water, alcohol, or medicine) drunk in one swallow.
- A small stream or tributary.
- (politics, US) A system of forcing or convincing people to take an elected position.
- An act of drinking.
- (gaming) A style of play in collectible card games, where players select from a shared pool of cards.
- A preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.
- The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, so that it can be drawn from the sand without damaging the mould.
- A dose (of medicine, alcohol, etc.).
- (US, Canada, usually with the) Conscription; the system of forcing people to serve in the military.
- A version of a written work (such as a book or paper) or drawing.
- The draw through a flue of gasses or smoke resulting from a combustion process.
- a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle)
- a dose of liquid medicine
- the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling
- a large and hurried swallow
- a preliminary sketch of a design or picture
- the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded)
- a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg
- a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
- any of the various versions in the development of a written work
- a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another
- compulsory military service
verb
- (transitive) To bring into commerce from an earlier condition (such as idea alone, experimental prototypes alone, or one-off custom builds only).
- (transitive) To apply business methodology to something in order to profit (such as introducing salability to a resource that comes from, or rightfully belongs to, the commons).
- (transitive) To exploit something for maximum financial gain, sometimes by sacrificing quality.
- exploit for maximal profit, usually by sacrificing quality
- make commercial
verb
- (transitive) To make a copy of, as of a design.
- (transitive, slang) To kill.
- (transitive, slang) To rob.
- To remove (something or someone) by hitting.
- (transitive) To assign (an item) to a bidder at an auction, indicated by knocking on the counter.
- (transitive, slang, vulgar, British) To have sex with (a woman).
- (transitive) To remove, as a discount or estimate.
- (sports, by extension) To defeat.
- (transitive, informal) To accomplish hastily.
- (ambitransitive, slang) To halt one's work or other activity.
- cut the price of
- stop pursuing or acting
- write quickly
- take by theft
- get rid of (someone who may be a threat) by killing
noun
verb
- (transitive) To test or have a preliminary trial of (an idea, a new product, television show, etc.)
- (transitive) To guide (a vessel) through coastal waters.
- (transitive) To control (an aircraft or watercraft).
- (transitive) To guide or conduct (a person) somewhere.
- (rail transport, of a locomotive) To serve as the leading locomotive on a double-headed train.
- act as the navigator in a car, plane, or vessel and plan, direct, plot the path and position of the conveyance
- operate an airplane
adj
noun
- One who flies a kite.
- A pilot light.
- A short plug, sometimes made interchangeable, at the end of a counterbore to guide the tool.
- A person who steers a ship, a helmsman.
- (Australia, road transport, informal) A pilot vehicle.
- (aviation) A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.
- Something serving as a test or trial.
- (mining) The heading or excavation of relatively small dimensions, first made in the driving of a larger tunnel.
- An instrument for detecting the compass error.
- (telecommunications, often attributive) A tone or signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for control or synchronization purposes.
- A guide book for maritime navigation.
- A person who knows well the depths, shoals, and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.
- (television) A sample episode of a proposed TV series produced to decide if it should be made or not. If approved, typically the first episode of an actual TV series.
- (Australia, road transport) A person authorised to drive such a vehicle during an escort.
- (rail transport) A cowcatcher.
- A guide or escort through an unknown or dangerous area.
- (Europe, motor racing) A racing driver.
- a person qualified to guide ships through difficult waters going into or out of a harbor
- small auxiliary gas burner that provides a flame to ignite a larger gas burner
- something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies
- an inclined metal frame at the front of a locomotive to clear the track
- a program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors
- someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight
verb
adj
noun
verb
noun
verb
- (transitive) To devise a model of (some original), especially to better understand or forecast the original.
- (intransitive) To work as a model in art or fashion.
- (intransitive) To make a model or models.
- (transitive) To make a miniature model of.
- (transitive) To create from a substance such as clay.
- (transitive) To display an item on one's body for others to see the potential effect on their own bodies, especially in regard to wearing clothing while performing the role of a fashion model.
- display (clothes) as a mannequin
- form in clay, wax, etc
- create a representation or simulation of
- construct a model in the likeness of
- plan or create according to a model or models
- assume a posture as for artistic purposes
adj
noun
- (software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that manage the data.
- (biology, medicine) An organism or species that is used to study an aspect of physiology or pathophysiology or a particular disease; often, a nonhuman one used to approximate processes in humans.
- A style, type, or design.
- A successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.
- Any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact.
- The structural design of a complex system.
- (logic) An interpretation which makes a set of sentences true, in which case that interpretation is called a model of that set.
- A representation of a physical object.
- (logic) An interpretation function which assigns a truth value to each atomic proposition.
- A person, usually attractive, who is hired to show items or goods to the public, such as items that are given away as prizes on a TV game show.
- A person who serves as a human template for artwork or fashion.
- A simulation used to analyze the workings of a real world system or event.
- a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process
- a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor
- something to be imitated
- someone worthy of imitation
- a woman who wears clothes to display fashions
- the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)
- representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)
- a representative form or pattern
- a type of product
verb
noun
verb
noun
- A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
- A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.
- A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.
- A subscription to a service.
- A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
- scale drawing of a structure
- a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
- an arrangement scheme
verb
- (transitive) To construct or create anew, especially in an improved manner.
- (intransitive) To become reconstructed.
- (transitive) To revitalize.
- (intransitive) To undergo a spiritual rebirth.
- (transitive, biology) To replace lost or damaged tissue.
- (intransitive) Of a water softener: to flush out the minerals extracted from the water supply.
- amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit
- get or give new life or energy; return to life, regain energy, recuperate
- restore strength
- reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new
- be formed or shaped anew
- undergo regeneration
- bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one
- form or produce anew
- replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue
adj
noun
verb
adj
verb
- (transitive) To revise or adapt (an existing item or process) in order to achieve a new purpose.
- (transitive) To reverse-engineer; to analyze (an existing item) in order to determine how to replicate it.
- (transitive) To develop (a process) by starting with the goal and working backwards to determine the steps needed to achieve it.
verb
- (transitive) To apply or implement (something).
- (transitive, idiomatic) To provide (food or drinks) for free.
- (nautical) To sail towards or to arrive at (a destination).
- To provide.
- (transitive, idiomatic) To repeatedly say (particular types of thing).
- (colloquial) To blame; to shift blame onto someone or something.
- (transitive, slang) To give (money, drugs, etc.) to (someone).
- (UK) To give (something) as a gift, special treat or bonus.
- (transitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To impart or explain (something) in words to (someone).
- (transitive) To cover something with a layer of (something).
- (nautical) To vigorously row (an oar) to propel a boat or ship.
- To do something excessively.
verb
noun
- (rail transport) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs onto the rails in front of the driving wheels, to prevent slipping.
- (wiki jargon) A page on a wiki where users are free to experiment without destroying or damaging any legitimate content.
- A box filled with sand that is shaped to form a mould for metal casting.
- A container for sand or pounce, used historically before blotting paper.
- (US, Canada) A children's play area consisting of a box filled with sand.
- An animal's litter box.
- (US, military, slang, usually "The Sandbox") The Middle East.
- (computing) An isolated area where a program can be executed with a restricted portion of the resources available.
- mold consisting of a box with sand shaped to mold metal
- a plaything consisting of a pile of sand or a box filled with sand for children to play in
verb
- (transitive, informal) To modify (an object) from its original condition, typically to individualize and/or enhance the performance of the object.
- (transitive, Internet, informal) To moderate; to silence or punish (a rule-breaking user) on a forum, especially when done by a moderator.
- (video games) To install or create a mod.
adj
noun
- (Internet slang, originally Twitch-speak, humorous, in the plural) Used to express a wish of removal or, often hyperbolic, harm (as opposed to a literal request to moderators).
- (mathematics, programming) Abbreviation of modulus.
- A festival of Scottish Gaelic song, arts and culture, akin to the Welsh eisteddfod.
- (video games) An end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behaviour of a video game.
- (Internet) A moderator, for example on a discussion forum.
- (computing, informal) A module (file containing a tracker music sequence).
- (politics) Abbreviation of moderate.
- (in the plural, Oxford University, informal) Moderations: university examinations generally taken in the first year.
- (climbing) A moderately difficult route.
- (uncountable) An unconventionally modern style of fashionable dress originating in England in the 1960s, characterized by ankle-length black trenchcoats and sunglasses.
- (UK) A 1960s British person who dressed in such a style and was interested in modernism and the modern music of the time; the opposite of a rocker.
- (statistics) Abbreviation of mode.
- (informal) Clipping of modification.
- a British teenager or young adult in the 1960s; noted for their clothes consciousness and opposition to the rockers
verb
adj
noun
- The testing of a product or procedure.
- (grammar) The trial number.
- (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
- (law) A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
- An event in which athletes’ or animals’ abilities are tested as they compete for a place on a team, or to move on to the next level of a championship, for example.
- (medicine, sciences, research) A research study to test the effectiveness and safety of a drug, medical procedure, etc.
- A difficult or annoying experience or person; (especially religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety.
- An occasion on which a person or thing is tested to find out how well they perform or how suitable they are.
- (UK) An internal examination set by Eton College.
- an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event
- (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications
- the act of testing something
- the act of undergoing testing
- trying something to find out about it
- (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law
verb
adj
noun
- A prefabricated section of a building.
- (British) A single-storey prefabricated home built in many British cities immediately after World War II, intended to have a short life, but in a few cases still in use.
- (programming) A reusable object in a video game world.
- A prefabricated building.
- a prefabricated structure
verb
- (transitive) To develop or devise in detail; to elaborate.
- (transitive) To smooth or perfect.
- (mining) To remove all the mineral that can be profitably exploited.
- (intransitive, US) To earn a wage working away from one's farm.
- (transitive, intransitive) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see work, out.
- (transitive) To calculate.
- (transitive) To make sense of.
- (intransitive) To conclude with the correct solution.
- (transitive) To bring about or cause to happen by work or effort.
- (intransitive) To exercise, especially by lifting weights.
- (transitive) To resolve; to find a solution for.
- (intransitive) To succeed; to result in a satisfactory situation.
- (transitive) To decide.
- (transitive) To strengthen a part of one’s body by exercise.
- work out in detail
- make a mathematical calculation or computation
- happen in a certain way, leading to, producing, or resulting in a certain outcome, often well
- do physical exercise
- find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of
- give a workout to
- come up with
- be calculated
verb
- (transitive) To develop or give form to (something) according to a plan or process.
- (transitive, computing) To construct (software) by compiling its source code.
- (transitive) To establish a basis for (something).
- (intransitive, computing, of source code) To be converted into software by compilation, usually with minimal human intervention.
- (intransitive) To form by combining materials or parts.
- (intransitive) To develop in magnitude or extent.
- (transitive) To form (something) by combining materials or parts.
- (transitive) To increase or strengthen (something) by adding gradually to.
- bolster or strengthen
- improve the cleansing action of
- develop and grow
- give form to, according to a plan
- order, supervise, or finance the construction of
- form or accumulate steadily
- make by combining materials and parts
- be engaged in building
- build or establish something abstract
- found or ground
noun
- (countable, uncountable) The physique of a human or animal body, or other object; constitution or structure.
- (gaming, slang, countable) A structure, such as a building, statue, pool or forest created by the player.
- (countable) The process or period of constructing a physical object.
- (computing, countable) Any of various versions of a software product as it is being developed for release to users.
- (gaming, slang, countable) A configuration of a character's items or skills created by the player.
- constitution of the human body
- alternative names for the body of a human being
verb
- (transitive) To describe in the form of a rundown, a rough outline or summary.
- (transitive, intransitive) To lose power slowly. Used for a machine, battery, or other powered device.
- (transitive) To criticize someone or an organisation, often unfairly.
- (transitive, typography) To move (some copy) down to the next line.
- (British, transitive) To reduce the size or stock levels of a business, often with a view to closure.
- (nautical, transitive) To run against and sink, as a vessel.
- (transitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To approach (someone, thing or place) aggressively, as to attack.
- (transitive) To read quickly a list or other short text.
- To decline in quality or condition.
- (transitive) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear.
- (hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted.
- (transitive) To hit someone with a car or other vehicle and injure or kill them.
- (transitive) To find something or someone after searching for a long time.
- deplete
- use up all one's strength and energy and stop working
- examine hastily
- trace
- pursue until captured
- move downward
- injure or kill by knocking (someone or something) down and passing over the body, as with a vehicle
verb
noun
- An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of infrared light and radio waves.
- Ellipsis of microwave oven.
- a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data
- kitchen appliance that cooks food by passing an electromagnetic wave through it; heat results from the absorption of energy by the water molecules in the food
verb
- (transitive) To make or construct something in haste or in a makeshift manner.
- (transitive, intransitive, animation) To outfit a model with controls for animation.
- (transitive, manufacturing) To move (a heavy object) with the help of slings, hoists, block and tackle, levers, or similar equipment.
- (transitive) To manipulate something dishonestly for personal gain or discriminatory purposes.
- (transitive, informal) To dress or clothe in some costume.
- (transitive, nautical) To equip and fit (a ship) with sails, shrouds, and yards.
- equip with sails or masts
- manipulate in a fraudulent manner
- connect or secure to
- arrange the outcome of by means of deceit
noun
- A promiscuous woman.
- (slang) Equipment used for taking recreational drugs.
- (slang, computing) A personal computer, typically one modified for looks.
- The special apparatus used for drilling wells.
- (US) A large truck, especially a semi-trailer truck.
- (algebra, ring theory) An algebraic structure similar to a ring, but without the requirement that every element have an additive inverse.
- (slang) Radio equipment, especially a citizen's band transceiver.
- (nautical) The rigging of a sailing ship or other such craft.
- An imperfectly castrated horse, sheep etc.
- (informal) A costume or an outfit.
- (Northern England, Scotland, dialect) A ridge.
- Special equipment or gear used for a particular purpose.
- (animation) A model outfitted with parameterized controls for animation.
- a set of clothing (with accessories)
- gear used in fishing
- formation of masts, spars, sails, etc., on a vessel
- the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme
- a truck consisting of a tractor and trailer together
- gear (including necessary machinery) for a particular enterprise
- a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses
verb
- (transitive) To improve, usually applied to technology, generally by complete replacement of one or more components.
- (transitive) To improve the equipment or furnishings of or services rendered to.
- (transitive) To replace with something better.
- (intransitive, transitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.
- (intransitive) To improve in condition or status.
- give better travel conditions to
- get better travel conditions
- give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
- rate higher; raise in value or esteem
- to improve what was old or outdated
adv
noun
- An upward grade or slope.
- An improvement.
- An improved component or replacement item, usually applied to technology.
- a reservation that is improved
- the property possessed by a slope or surface that rises
- software that provides better performance than an earlier version did
- an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
- hardware that provides better performance than an earlier version did
- the act of improving something (especially machinery) by raising it to a higher grade (as by adding or replacing components)
verb
noun
verb
- (transitive) To make by altering or fitting something else; to produce by change of form or character.
- (transitive) To fit by alteration; to modify or remodel for a different purpose; to adjust.
- (intransitive) To make oneself comfortable to a new thing.
- (transitive) To make suitable; to make to correspond; to fit or suit.
- adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions
- make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
adj
verb
- (transitive) To cause to project.
- (transitive) To cause or experience debilitating muscle or joint pain in (a body part).
- (idiomatic) To dismiss or expel someone from any longer performing duty or attending somewhere.
- (transitive) To put into a state of confusion.
- (idiomatic) To discard; to dispense with something; to throw away.
- (transitive) To emit.
- (idiomatic) To offer an idea for consideration.
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see throw, out.
- (transitive) To utter carelessly (a remark, suggestion, proposal, etc.).
- (transitive) To outdistance; to leave behind.
- To produce in a haphazard fashion.
- bring forward for consideration or acceptance
- remove from a position or office
- throw or cast away
- force to leave or move out
- cease to consider; put out of judicial consideration
noun
verb
noun
verb
- (transitive) To create.
- (mathematics) To change the form of (an algebraic expression, etc.) by executing certain indicated operations without changing the value.
- (intransitive) To change with a specific direction, progress.
- (transitive) To acquire something usually over a period of time.
- (ambitransitive) To progress through a sequence of stages.
- (snooker, pool) To cause a ball to become more open and available to be played on later. Usually by moving it away from the cushion, or by opening a pack.
- (transitive) To bring out images latent in photographic film.
- (transitive) To advance; to further; to promote the growth of.
- (chess, transitive) To place one's pieces actively.
- superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
- make visible by means of chemical solutions
- change the use of and make available or usable
- work out
- come into existence; take on form or shape
- cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development
- grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment
- elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
- grow emotionally or mature
- create by training and teaching
- make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
- become technologically advanced
- expand in the form of a series
- happen
- be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest
- move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions
- gain through experience
- generate gradually
- come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)
- elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme
- move into a strategically more advantageous position
verb
noun
- (computing) An initial segment of a string of characters.
- (telecommunications) A set of digits placed before a telephone number, to indicate where the number is based, what type of phone number it is (landline, mobile, toll-free, premium rate etc.)
- (grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.
- A title added to a person's name, such as Mr. or Dr.
- an affix that is added in front of the word
verb
noun
- (sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.
- Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
- (sciences) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.
- (cinematography, computer graphics, demoscene) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")
- The result or outcome of a cause.
- Execution; performance; realization; operation.
- (usually in the plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.
- (sciences, statistics) An influence or causal association between two variables.
- Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; with to.
- (uncountable) The state of being binding and enforceable, as in a rule, policy, or law.
- a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
- the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
- an outward appearance
- a symptom caused by an illness or a drug
- an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived)
- (of a law) having legal validity
verb
- (transitive) To build or form (something) by assembling parts.
- (transitive, geometry) To draw (a geometric figure) by following precise specifications and using geometric tools and techniques.
- (transitive, grammar) To build (a sentence, an argument, etc.) by arranging words or ideas.
- create by linking linguistic units
- put together out of artificial or natural components or parts
- reassemble mentally
- draw with suitable instruments and under specified conditions
- make by combining materials and parts
- create by organizing and linking ideas, arguments, or concepts
noun
verb
- (transitive) To implement, to employ, to put into use.
- (transitive) To reprove or reproach (a person).
- (transitive) To remove (a ground or floor surface, including the bed of a road or the track of a railway).
- (transitive) To occupy; to consume (space or time).
- (transitive) To absorb (a liquid), to soak up.
- (transitive) To join in (saying something).
- (transitive) To begin doing (an activity) on a regular basis.
- (transitive) To tighten or wind in (a rope, slack, etc.)
- (transitive, sewing) To shorten (a garment), especially by hemming.
- (transitive) To address or discuss (an issue).
- (transitive, Canada) To review the solutions to a test or other assessment with a class.
- (transitive) To accept, to adopt (a proposal, offer, request, cause, challenge, etc.).
- (transitive, chiefly British) To pay off, to clear (a debt, loan, mortgage, etc.).
- (transitive) To take, to assume (one’s appointed or intended place).
- (transitive) To begin functioning in (a role or position), to assume (an office).
- (transitive) To begin to support or patronize, to sponsor (a person), to adopt as protégé.
- (ambitransitive) To resume, to return to something that was interrupted.
- (transitive, with 'on') To accept (a proposal, offer, request, cause, challenge, etc.) from.
- (transitive, Australia, New Zealand) To begin occupying and working (a plot of uncultivated land), to break in.
- (transitive) To pick up.
- pursue or resume
- take out or up with or as if with a scoop
- turn one's interest to
- take up time or space
- accept
- take up as if with a sponge
- adopt
- take up a liquid or a gas either by adsorption or by absorption
- begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job
- return to a previous location or condition
- take up and practice as one's own
- occupy or take on
- take in, also metaphorically
noun
verb
adj
- comparative form of well: more well
- Greater or lesser (whichever is seen as more advantageous), in reference to value, distance, time, etc.
- Greater in amount or quantity
- comparative form of good: more good
- Healed or recovered from an injury or illness.
- (comparative of ‘good’) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another
- more than half
- (comparative of ‘good’) changed for the better in health or fitness
- (comparative and superlative of ‘well’) wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable
adv
noun
verb
- (transitive, engineering) To place (something) in a position where it can be added to an existing mechanical assembly.
- (intransitive) To propose or express one's willingness (to do something).
- (transitive) To present (something) for sale.
- (transitive) To place at someone’s disposal; to present (something) to be either accepted or turned down.
- (transitive) To present (something) to God or gods, as a gesture of worship or as a sacrifice.
- (transitive, of a thing) To present (something) to the sight etc.; to provide for use, consideration etc.
- (transitive) To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest.
- (transitive) To put in opposition to; to manifest in an offensive or defensive way; to threaten.
- (transitive) To bid, as a price, reward, or wages.
- (intransitive) To happen, to present itself.
- ask (someone) to marry you
- present for acceptance or rejection
- produce or introduce on the stage
- offer verbally
- propose a payment
- agree freely
- mount or put up
- threaten to do something
- give something useful or necessary to
- present as an act of worship
- make available for sale
- make available; provide
- put forward for consideration
noun
- Something put forth, bid, proffered or tendered.
- A proposal that has been made.
- (used in combinations from phrasal verbs) agent noun of off
- (law) An invitation to enter into a binding contract communicated to another party which contains terms sufficiently definite to create an enforceable contract if the other party accepts the invitation.
- a usually brief attempt
- the verbal act of offering
- something offered (as a proposal or bid)
verb
- (transitive) To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of.
- (transitive) To place in the ground.
- (transitive) To set up; to install; to instate.
- (ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.
- (transitive) To place or set something firmly or with conviction.
- (transitive) To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish.
- (transitive) To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.
- (transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.
- (transitive) To furnish or supply with plants.
- put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground
- fix or set securely or deeply
- place into a river
- put firmly in the mind
- place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or deceive
- set up or lay the groundwork for
noun
- (botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.
- A person, placed amongst an audience, whose role is to cause confusion, laughter etc.
- An object placed surreptitiously in order to cause suspicion to fall upon a person.
- (control theory) A system, such as a motor, whose behaviour is being regulated or controlled by a control system.
- (botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae. Now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.
- Anyone assigned to behave as a member of the public during a covert operation (as in a police investigation).
- (Australia) The equipment and work animals of a drover or other rural worker travelling through the countryside.
- (US, dialect) A young oyster suitable for transplanting.
- (ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.
- An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth.
- (countable) A factory or other industrial or institutional building or facility.
- (uncountable) Machinery and other supplies and equipment, such as the kind used in heavy industry, light industry, earthmoving, or construction.
- (proscribed as biologically inaccurate) Any creature that grows on soil or similar surfaces, including plants and fungi.
- (snooker) A play in which the cue ball knocks one (usually red) ball onto another, in order to pot the second; a set.
- buildings for carrying on industrial labor
- (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion
- an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
- something planted secretly for discovery by another
verb
- (transitive) To compose (a visual design); to make a composite.
- (intransitive, US) To accompany, in music.
- (transitive) To provide (someone) with a complimentary item, such as a ticket; to provide (someone) with something for free.
- (transitive) To provide (a complimentary item, such as a ticket) for free (either up front or sometimes by refunding the cost of it).
- Clipping of compile.
adj
noun
- Clipping of complimentary ticket or complimentary item.
- Clipping of compilation.
- (informal) Clipping of compensation.
- Clipping of comp card.
- Alternative form of comp.
- (education) Clipping of comprehensive examination.
- Clipping of composition.
- Clipping of computer science, especially an academic program.
- Clipping of comptroller (“chief accountant”).
- (British, education) Clipping of comprehensive school.
- Clipping of comparable.
- (design) Clipping of comprehensive layout, a graphic design showing final proposed layout of text and images.
- Clipping of competition.
- Clipping of composite.
- Clipping of compositor.
- an intensive examination testing a student's proficiency in some special field of knowledge
verb
- (transitive) To improve or rectify.
- (transitive) To settle an insurance claim.
- (intransitive) To change to fit circumstances.
- (transitive) To modify.
- alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard
- adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions
- place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight
- make correspondent or conformable
- decide how much is to be paid on an insurance claim
verb
- (transitive) To create, increase or develop.
- (figurative) To cause (a dead person) to live again; to resurrect.
- (metalworking, transitive) To emboss (sheet metal), or to form it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.
- To cause something to come to the surface of water.
- Misspelling of raze.
- (law) To create; to constitute (a use, or a beneficial interest in property).
- To establish contact with (e.g., by telephone or radio).
- To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.
- (arithmetic) To exponentiate, to involute.
- (physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.
- (nautical) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it.
- To collect or amass.
- (linguistics, transitive, of a vowel) To produce a vowel with the tongue positioned closer to the roof of the mouth.
- To increase the nominal value of (a cheque, money order, etc.) by fraudulently changing the writing or printing in which the sum payable is specified.
- (India, transitive) To open, initiate.
- To promote.
- (military, transitive) To relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done.
- (poker, intransitive) To respond to a bet by increasing the amount required to continue in the hand.
- To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect.
- To mention (a question, issue) for discussion.
- (linguistics, transitive, of a verb) To extract (a subject or other verb argument) out of an inner clause.
- (military) To remove or break up (a blockade), either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.
- To bring up; to grow.
- (programming, transitive) To instantiate and transmit (an exception, by throwing it, or an event).
- To make (bread, etc.) light, as by yeast or leaven.
- raise in rank or condition
- summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic
- put forward for consideration or discussion
- give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
- increase the level of
- put an end to a situation
- bid (one's partner's suit) at a higher level
- bring (a surface or a design) into relief and cause to project
- bet more than the previous player
- create a disturbance, especially by making a great noise
- collect funds for a specific purpose
- cause to be heard or known; express or utter
- move upwards
- call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
- cause to become alive again
- cause to puff up with a leaven
- raise the level or amount of something
- activate or stir up
- multiply (a number) by itself a specified number of times: 8 is 2 raised to the power 3
- invigorate or heighten
- establish radio communications with
- raise from a lower to a higher position
- construct, build, or erect
- cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques
- pronounce (vowels) by bringing the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth
- register formally as a participant or member
- look after a child until it is an adult
- cause to assemble or enlist in military
noun
- (curling) A shot in which the delivered stone bumps another stone forward.
- (weightlifting) A shoulder exercise in which the arms are elevated against resistance.
- (mining) A shaft or a winze that is dug from below, for purposes such as ventilation, local extraction of ore, or exploration.
- A cairn or pile of stones.
- (poker) A bet that increases the previous bet.
- (US) Ellipsis of pay raise (“an increase in wages or salary”).
- increasing the size of a bet (as in poker)
- the act of raising something
- an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
- the amount a salary is increased
verb
noun
- (slang) Marijuana.
- (acting, often "the method") A technique for acting based on the ideas articulated by Konstantin Stanislavski and focusing on authentically experiencing the inner life of the character being portrayed.
- (object-oriented programming) A subroutine or function belonging to a class or object.
- (uncountable) Systematicity, methodicalness, intentionality, order
- (skateboarding, snowboarding) Ellipsis of method air.
- (countable) A process by which a task is completed; a way of doing something (followed by the adposition of, to or for before the purpose of the process).
- an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed
- a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
adj
- Prototypical.
- (music) In the form of a canon.
- (mathematics, computing) In canonical form.
- (religion) In conformity with canon law.
- According to recognised or orthodox rules.
- Present in a canon, religious or otherwise.
- (fandom slang) Related to or part of the canon of a fictional universe.
- Stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner.
- (mathematics) Distinguished among entities of its kind, so that it can be picked out in a way that does not depend on any arbitrary choices.
- (religion) Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical chapter.
- appearing in a biblical canon
- of or relating to or required by canon law
- reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality
- conforming to orthodox or recognized rules