Mots en English pour 'refresh one's memory'
Vous trouverez ci-dessus des mots liés à "refresh one's memory". Placez le pointeur ou le focus sur un mot pour voir sa définition, puis ajustez la recherche si nécessaire.
Résultats de recherche
verb
- refresh one's memory
- To perform the periodic energizing required to maintain the contents of computer memory, the display luminance of a computer screen, etc.
- become or make oneself fresh again
- make (to feel) fresh
- make fresh again
- (intransitive) To become fresh again; to be revitalized.
- (computing, ambitransitive) To reload (a document, especially a webpage) and show any new changes.
- (computing, ambitransitive) To cause (a web browser or similar software) to refresh its display.
- (transitive) To renew or revitalize.
noun
verb
- refresh one's memory
- look at again; examine again
- look back upon (a period of time, sequence of events); remember
- appraise critically
- hold a review (of troops)
- To survey; to look broadly over.
- To look back over in order to correct or edit; to revise.
- To write a critical evaluation of a new art work etc.; to write a review.
- (transitive, Philippines, sometimes Canada, US) To look over again (something previously written or learned), especially in preparation for an examination.
noun
- practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memory
- (accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data
- a new appraisal or evaluation
- a formal or official examination
- (law) a judicial reexamination of the proceedings of a court (especially by an appellate court)
- an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)
- a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment
- a summary at the end that repeats the substance of a longer discussion
- a periodical that publishes critical essays on current affairs or literature or art
- a variety show with topical sketches and songs and dancing and comedians
- (law) A judicial reassessment of a case or an event.
- A survey of the available items or material.
- (sciences) A review article.
- A stage show made up of topical sketches etc.
- A second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights.
- A periodical which makes a survey of the arts or some other field.
- A forensic inspection to assess compliance with regulations or some code.
- A military inspection or display for the benefit of superiors or VIPs.
- An account intended as a critical evaluation of a text or a piece of work.
prefix
noun
- (computing) Memory that has been erased and re-written.
- A text with several layers of meaning, especially pertaining to different points in time.
- Something bearing the traces of an earlier, erased form.
- (astronomy) Circular features believed to be lunar craters that have been obliterated by later volcanic activity.
- (cultural studies) The partial erasure of or superimposition on an older society or culture by a newer one.
- A manuscript or document that has been erased or scraped clean, for reuse of the paper, parchment, vellum, or other medium on which it was written.
- (geology) Geological features thought to be related to features or effects below the surface.
- a manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible
verb
verb
noun
verb
- stimulate to remember
- give a slight push to
- run at a moderately swift pace
- even up the edges of a stack of paper, in printing
- run for exercise
- continue talking or writing in a desultory manner
- (transitive) To shake, stir or rouse.
- (transitive) To cause to move at an energetic trot.
- (exercise, intransitive) To move at a pace between walking and running, to run at a leisurely pace.
- (transitive) To straighten stacks of paper by lightly tapping against a flat surface.
- (intransitive) To walk or ride forward with a jolting pace; to move at a heavy pace, trudge; to move on or along.
- (transitive) To push slightly; to move or shake with a push or jerk, as to gain the attention of; to jolt.
noun
- a sharp change in direction
- a slow pace of running
- a slight push or shake
- In card tricks, one or more cards that are secretly made to protrude slightly from the deck as an aid to the performer.
- A sudden push or nudge.
- An energetic trot, slower than a run, often used as a form of exercise.
- (theater) A flat placed perpendicularly to break up a flat surface.
verb
- repeat after memorization
- pour or rush back
- eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth
- feed through the beak by regurgitating previously swallowed food
- (transitive) To cough up from the gut to feed its young, as an animal or bird does.
- (transitive, figurative, sometimes derogatory) To repeat (information) verbatim or by rote, typically after learning it without actual comprehension.
- (intransitive) To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.
- (transitive) To throw up or vomit; to eject what has previously been swallowed.
noun
verb
- repeat after memorization
- have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant
- make a copy or equivalent of
- recreate a sound, image, idea, mood, atmosphere, etc.
- (transitive) To bring something to mind; to recall.
- (transitive) To produce an image or copy of.
- (transitive) To produce again; to recreate.
- (transitive or intransitive, biology) To generate or propagate offspring or organisms sexually or asexually.
noun
verb
noun
- Main memory.
- (computing, electronics) Computer memory, usually volatile, that stores program and data values during operation and in which each word of memory may be directly (randomly) accessed.
- the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on; an integrated circuit memory chip allows information to be stored or accessed in any order and all storage locations are equally accessible
noun
verb
noun
noun
- partial or total loss of memory
- A temporary loss of memory.
- a suspension of radio or tv broadcasting
- a momentary loss of consciousness
- the failure of electric power for a general region
- darkness resulting from the extinction of lights (as in a city invisible to enemy aircraft)
- (slang, criminology, rare) A mass murder committed, usually in an urban area, to eliminate potential witnesses of a previous crime.
- An instance of censorship, especially a temporary one.
- (Internet) An intentional outage of a website or other online service, typically as a form of protest.
- A large-scale power failure, and resulting loss of electricity to consumers.
- (attributive) The blocking out of as much light as possible.
- (historical) The mandatory blocking of all light emanating from buildings, as well as outdoor and street lighting as a measure against aerial bombing or naval attack, as imposed during, e.g., World War II.
- A temporary loss of consciousness.
verb
verb
noun
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- (transitive) To retrieve from personal or computer memory.
- get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone
- cause to become available for use, either literally or figuratively
- call to arms; of military personnel
- bring forward for consideration
- (transitive) To select e.g. to a sports squad.
- (transitive) To summon (someone) to report for military service.
- (transitive, idiomatic) To call on the telephone.
noun
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- make unavailable; bar from sale or distribution
- summon to return
- cause to be returned
- go back to something earlier
- bring to mind
- cause one's (or someone else's) thoughts or attention to return from a reverie or digression
- (transitive) To bring back (someone) to or from a particular mental or physical state, activity etc.
- (transitive) To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
- (transitive, intransitive) To call again; to call another time.
- (transitive) To call back, bring back, or summon (someone) to a specific place, station, etc.
- (transitive, intransitive) To call back (a situation, event, etc.) to one's mind; to remember; to recollect.
- (transitive, US politics) To remove an elected official through a petition and direct vote.
- (transitive) To hearken back to, evoke; to be reminiscent of.
- (transitive) To request or order the return of (a faulty product).
noun
- Memory; the ability to remember.
- a bugle call that signals troops to return
- the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
- a call to return
- a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)
- the act of removing an official by petition
- (information retrieval, machine learning) The fraction of (all) relevant material that is returned by a search.
- (chiefly US politics) The right or procedure by which a public official may be removed from office before the end of their term of office, by a vote of the people to be taken on the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters.
- Request of the return of a faulty product.
- (US politics) The right or procedure by which the decision of a court may be directly reversed or annulled by popular vote, as was advocated, in 1912, in the platform of the Progressive Party for certain cases involving the police power of the state.
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- To memorize; to put something into memory.
- To recall from one's memory; to have an image in one's memory.
- recapture the past; indulge in memories
- mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship
- show appreciation to
- exercise, or have the power of, memory
- mention favorably, as in prayer
- call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony
- keep in mind for attention or consideration
- To keep in mind; to be mindful of.
- (intransitive) To engage in the process of recalling memories.
- (transitive) To give (a person) money as a token of appreciation of past service or friendship.
- To not forget (to do something required)
- (rare) Alternative form of re-member.
- To convey greetings from.
- (transitive) To commemorate, to have a remembrance ceremony.
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- run after, pick up, and bring to the master
- go for and bring back
- get or find back; recover the use of
- (transitive) To remember or recall something.
- (sports, transitive) To make a difficult but successful return of the ball.
- (intransitive) To fetch and bring in game systematically.
- (transitive) To salvage something
- (transitive) To rescue (a creature).
- (transitive) To fetch and bring in game.
- (transitive) To remedy or rectify something.
- (transitive) To regain or get back something.
- (transitive) To fetch or carry back something, especially (computing) a file or data record.
- (intransitive) To fetch or carry back systematically, notably as a game.
noun
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- expect, believe, or suppose
- be capable of conscious thought
- bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation
- judge or regard; look upon; judge
- focus one's attention on a certain state
- have in mind as a purpose
- dispose the mind in a certain way
- imagine or visualize
- decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting
- have or formulate in the mind
- use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments
- ponder; reflect on, or reason about
- To presume; to venture.
- (transitive) To have (some statement) in one's mind; to say to oneself mentally.
- (intransitive) To conceive of something or someone [with of; or (rare) with on]
- (transitive) To ponder, to go over in one's mind.
- To plan; to be considering; to be of a mind (to do something).
- (informal, used to show obviousness or agreement) Ellipsis of think so.
- (transitive) To guess; to reckon; to believe while admittedly being uncertain.
- (intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one's mind, to try to find a solution to a problem.
- (transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as.
- (obsolete except in methinks) To seem, to appear.
noun
noun
- The result of being refreshed.
- (usually countable, usually in the plural) That which refreshes, such as a light snack or drink.
- The process of refreshing; a means of restoring strength, energy or vigour.
- snacks and drinks served as a light meal
- activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation
noun
- Initialism of phase change memory, a type of non-volatile computer memory.
- Initialism of powertrain control module.
- Initialism of power control module.
- Initialism of phase-change material (“the type of material that phase change memory is composed of, capable of applications in switching”).
- Initialism of pulse code modulation (“the system of encoding sound on a telephone for use in the PSTN, using a compander”).
prep_phrase
noun
- recall or remembrance
- attention
- knowledge and intellectual ability
- an important intellectual
- an opinion formed by judging something
- that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason
- your intention; what you intend to do
- The ability to be aware of things.
- A healthy mental state.
- (uncountable) Attention, consideration or thought.
- Somebody that embodies certain mental qualities.
- Desire, inclination, or intention.
- Judgment, opinion, or view.
- (philosophy) The non-material substance or set of processes in which consciousness, perception, affectivity, judgement, thinking, and will are based.
- The ability to focus the thoughts.
- The ability to remember things.
- The capability for rational thought.
- Continual prayer on a dead person's behalf for a period after their death.
verb
- be on one's guard; be cautious or wary about; be alert to
- pay close attention to; give heed to
- be in charge of or deal with
- keep in mind
- be concerned with or about something or somebody
- be offended or bothered by; take offense with, be bothered by
- (UK, Ireland) Take note; used to point out an exception or caveat.
- To bring or recall to mind; to remember; bear or keep in mind.
- (chiefly imperative) To pay attention or heed to so as to obey; hence to obey; to make sure, to take care (that).
- (originally and chiefly in negative or interrogative constructions) To dislike, to object to; to be bothered by.
- To turn one's mind to; to observe; to notice.
- (now regional) To remember.
- To be careful about.
- (now rare except in phrases) To pay attention to, in the sense of occupying one's mind with, to heed.
- (now obsolete outside dialect) To purpose, intend, plan.
- To look after, to take care of, especially for a short period of time.
- To regard with attention; to treat as of consequence.
verb
- repeat aloud from memory
- narrate or give a detailed account of
- render verbally
- recite in elocution
- specify individually
- (intransitive) To deliver a recitation.
- (transitive) To list or enumerate something.
- Alternative spelling of re-cite (which is the preferred spelling, to avoid needless homography).
- (transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience.
noun
- (operating systems) Initialism of memory management.
- (audio, electronics) Initialism of moving magnet, a type of phono cartridge.
- Initialism of man-month.
- (Freemasonry) Initialism of Master Mason.
- (mathematics) Initialism of mathematical morphology.
- (finance) Initialism of market maker.
- (numismatic slang) Initialism of mintmark.
- (aviation) Initialism of middle marker.
- plural of M (“Monsieur”)
- Initialism of mile marker.
- (finance) Abbreviation of million.
- (education) Initialism of Master of Music.
- (education) Initialism of Master of Management.
- (philately) Initialism of mounted mint.
- (amateur radio) Initialism of maritime mobile.
name
num
noun
- Memory; what is retained in the mind.
- (law) The right to withhold a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right is duly paid; a lien.
- The act of retaining or something retained.
- (insurance) The portion of a potential damage that must be paid for by the holder of an insurance policy.
- The act or power of remembering things.
- (medicine) The length of time a patient remains in treatment.
- (medicine) The involuntary withholding of urine and faeces.
- the power of retaining liquid
- the act of retaining something
- the power of retaining and recalling past experience
adj
- (programming) Of a variable etc., having its associated memory immediately updated with any changes in value.
- Temporary or ephemeral.
- Of a situation potentially violent.
- (economics, finance) Of a price, variable or erratic.
- Fickle.
- Of a person, quick to become angry or violent.
- (informal) Of a substance, explosive.
- (computing) Of memory, whose content is lost when the computer is powered down.
- (physics) Evaporating or vaporizing readily under normal conditions.
- tending to vary often or widely
- evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures
- marked by erratic changeableness in affections or attachments
- liable to lead to sudden change or violence
noun
noun
verb
- (transitive, computing) To place a copy of an object in memory for later use.
- (radio) To receive a transmission successfully.
- (transitive) To produce an object identical to a given object.
- (transitive) To imitate.
- (transitive) To give or transmit a copy to (a person).
- reproduce someone's behavior or looks
- reproduce or make an exact copy of
- make a replica of
- copy down as is
noun
- (genetics) The result of gene or chromosomal duplication.
- A particular instance of an issue of a periodical (e.g., magazine, journal, bulletin): a single printed impression or digital file representing that issue; (metonynmically) the issue.
- (journalism) A person employed to carry copy and run errands.
- An imitation, sometimes of inferior quality.
- (marketing, advertising) The output of copywriters, who are employed to write material which encourages consumers to buy goods or services.
- A particular instance of a book: a single printed impression or digital file representing it.
- (uncountable) The text to be set into newspaper articles, magazine pages, or similar.
- (typography, journalism, publishing) The text (words, content) that is to be typeset or similarly prepared and published.
- The result of copying; an identical or nearly identical duplicate of an original.
- A schoolwork pad or workbook.
- a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
- material suitable for a journalistic account
- matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
- a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing
adj
- (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range
- marked by rude or peremptory shortness
- not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices
- primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration
- of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration
- of insufficient quantity to meet a need
- less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so
- tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening
- (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length
- lacking foresight or scope
- low in stature; not tall; describing something or someone with a stature less than normal
- (golf) Of an approach shot or putt, that falls short of the green or the hole.
- Having little duration.
- (cricket) Of a ball, bowled so that it bounces relatively far from the batsman.
- (colloquial) Undiluted; neat.
- (finance) Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.
- Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
- Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied, especially with money; scantily furnished; lacking.
- Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty.
- (baking) Of pastries or (metallurgy) of materials, brittle, crumbly.
- (gambling) Of betting odds, offering a small return for the money wagered.
- Deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard.
- Abrupt, brief, pointed, curt.
- Of a person, living being, or object, having a comparatively small height.
- (followed by for) Of a word or phrase, constituting an abbreviation (for another) or shortened form (of another).
- (by extension) Doubtful of, skeptical of.
- (cricket) Of a fielder or fielding position, that is relatively close to the batsman.
noun
- the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base
- the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
- accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference
- (Internet) A short-form vertical video.
- (finance) A short seller.
- A short film.
- A summary account.
- (US, slang) An automobile.
- (finance) A short sale or short position.
- (baseball) A shortstop.
- A short version of a garment in a particular size.
- (phonetics) A short phone (such as a vowel) or syllable.
- A short circuit.
- (programming) An integer variable having a smaller range than normal integers; usually two bytes long.
adv
- so as to interrupt
- at some point or distance before a goal is reached
- quickly and without warning; happening unexpectedly; on impulse; without premeditation
- at a disadvantage
- in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner
- without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold
- clean across
- Without achieving a goal or requirement.
- Abruptly, curtly, briefly.
- (finance) With a negative ownership position.
- (cricket, of the manner of bounce of a cricket ball) Relatively far from the batsman and hence bouncing higher than normal; opposite of full.
- Unawares.
verb
- create a short circuit in
- cheat someone by not returning them enough money
- (transitive) To cause a short circuit in (something).
- (intransitive, of an electrical circuit) To short circuit.
- (transitive, business) To sell something, especially securities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; to sell short.
- (transitive, informal) To provide with an amount smaller than that agreed or labeled; to shortchange.
prep
noun
- (psychology) A strategy for making more efficient use of short-term memory by recoding information.
- (mathematics, education) The partial-quotients method for solving simple division problems by repeated subtraction.
- (computing) The division of memory or data etc. into smaller units for easier processing.
- (writing) A method of presenting information which splits concepts into small pieces or "chunks" of information to make reading and understanding faster and easier, using such methods as bulleted lists, short subheadings, or short sentences with one or two ideas per sentence.
- The process of reducing something to short, thick pieces, usually using a hammer or a crowbar.
- (psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
verb
noun
- recall that is hypothesized to work by storing abstract features which are then used to construct the memory during recall
- an interpretation formed by piecing together bits of evidence
- the activity of constructing something again
- The act of restoring something to an earlier state.
- The action of reconstructing something, not necessarily to the earlier state.
- A thing that has been reconstructed or restored to an earlier state.
- The recreation or retelling of the (purported) events leading up to a certain outcome.
- (linguistics) A result of linguistic reconstruction; a model representing an unattested linguistic unit: a phoneme, a morpheme or a word.
adj
noun
- A chronicle or memoir.
- Something, such as a monument, by which someone or something is remembered.
- (chiefly Christianity) A service of remembrance or commemoration.
- (law) A statement of facts set out in the form of a petition to a person in authority, a court or tribunal, a government, etc.
- a recognition of meritorious service
- a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority
- a structure erected to commemorate persons or events
noun
- recall that is hypothesized to work by storing the original stimulus input and reproducing it during recall
- the process of generating offspring
- the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring
- copy that is not the original; something that has been copied
- the act of making copies
- (computing) A method for reproducing a bug or problem.
- A copy of something, as in a piece of art; a duplicate.
- The act of making copies.
- The act of reproducing new individuals biologically.
verb
- To be refreshed.
- To make green (vegetation that has become dry).
- (transitive) To give redness to (the face or cheeks of a person with light skin).
- To make cool.
- To touch up (makeup); to give (a body part, especially the face) a quick wash.
- To touch up the paint on (something).
- To refresh; to revive; to renew.
- (transitive, nautical) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing.
- (transitive) To make less salty; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients.
- (transitive, historical) To top up (primer) in a firearm.
- To become cool.
- To become not salty, to lose its salinity. (of water)
- (transitive) To top up (a drink).
- (intransitive, of wind) To become stronger.
- To remove or cover unpleasant qualities such as staleness, bad odour or taste (in air, breath, water, etc.).
- (intransitive, transitive, of a cow) To begin or resume giving milk, especially after calving; to cause to resume giving milk.
- become or make oneself fresh again
- make (to feel) fresh
- make fresh again
noun
- memorization by repetition
- (rare) The roar of the surf; the sound of waves breaking on the shore.
- (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
- Synonym of crowd.
- Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.
adj
verb
noun
- The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance.
- That which is recollected; something called to mind; a reminiscence.
- Process of collecting again.
- The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the act of recalling to memory.
- (Catholicism) A spiritual retreat, especially one that is short.
- something recalled to the mind
- the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
- the ability to recall past occurrences
verb
- (transitive, computing) To remove (something previously loaded) from memory.
- (transitive) To remove (the load or cargo) from a vehicle, etc.
- (transitive) To get rid of or dispose of.
- (transitive) To discharge, pour, or expel.
- (transitive, slang) To ejaculate, particularly within an orifice.
- (transitive, aviation) To reduce the vertical load factor on (an airplane's wing or other lifting surface), typically by pitching downwards toward the ground to decrease angle of attack and reduce the amount of lift generated.
- (transitive) To remove the charge from; to discharge.
- (intransitive) To deposit one's load or cargo.
- (transitive) To deliver forcefully.
- (idiomatic, transitive) To sell or dispose of (something) with the intent to deceive; to attempt to pass off a counterfeit or inferior product as genuine.
- (transitive) To remove the load or cargo from (a vehicle, etc.).
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To give vent to or express; to unburden oneself of.
- remove (cargo, people, etc.) from and leave
- remove the load from (a container or vehicle)
noun
- (computing) Memory that has been erased and re-written.
- A text with several layers of meaning, especially pertaining to different points in time.
- Something bearing the traces of an earlier, erased form.
- (astronomy) Circular features believed to be lunar craters that have been obliterated by later volcanic activity.
- (cultural studies) The partial erasure of or superimposition on an older society or culture by a newer one.
- A manuscript or document that has been erased or scraped clean, for reuse of the paper, parchment, vellum, or other medium on which it was written.
- (geology) Geological features thought to be related to features or effects below the surface.
- a manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible
verb
noun
verb
noun
- Main memory.
- (computing, electronics) Computer memory, usually volatile, that stores program and data values during operation and in which each word of memory may be directly (randomly) accessed.
- the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on; an integrated circuit memory chip allows information to be stored or accessed in any order and all storage locations are equally accessible
noun
verb
- refresh one's memory
- look at again; examine again
- look back upon (a period of time, sequence of events); remember
- appraise critically
- hold a review (of troops)
- To survey; to look broadly over.
- To look back over in order to correct or edit; to revise.
- To write a critical evaluation of a new art work etc.; to write a review.
- (transitive, Philippines, sometimes Canada, US) To look over again (something previously written or learned), especially in preparation for an examination.
noun
- practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memory
- (accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data
- a new appraisal or evaluation
- a formal or official examination
- (law) a judicial reexamination of the proceedings of a court (especially by an appellate court)
- an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)
- a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment
- a summary at the end that repeats the substance of a longer discussion
- a periodical that publishes critical essays on current affairs or literature or art
- a variety show with topical sketches and songs and dancing and comedians
- (law) A judicial reassessment of a case or an event.
- A survey of the available items or material.
- (sciences) A review article.
- A stage show made up of topical sketches etc.
- A second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights.
- A periodical which makes a survey of the arts or some other field.
- A forensic inspection to assess compliance with regulations or some code.
- A military inspection or display for the benefit of superiors or VIPs.
- An account intended as a critical evaluation of a text or a piece of work.
noun
- partial or total loss of memory
- A temporary loss of memory.
- a suspension of radio or tv broadcasting
- a momentary loss of consciousness
- the failure of electric power for a general region
- darkness resulting from the extinction of lights (as in a city invisible to enemy aircraft)
- (slang, criminology, rare) A mass murder committed, usually in an urban area, to eliminate potential witnesses of a previous crime.
- An instance of censorship, especially a temporary one.
- (Internet) An intentional outage of a website or other online service, typically as a form of protest.
- A large-scale power failure, and resulting loss of electricity to consumers.
- (attributive) The blocking out of as much light as possible.
- (historical) The mandatory blocking of all light emanating from buildings, as well as outdoor and street lighting as a measure against aerial bombing or naval attack, as imposed during, e.g., World War II.
- A temporary loss of consciousness.
verb
noun
- The result of being refreshed.
- (usually countable, usually in the plural) That which refreshes, such as a light snack or drink.
- The process of refreshing; a means of restoring strength, energy or vigour.
- snacks and drinks served as a light meal
- activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation
noun
- Initialism of phase change memory, a type of non-volatile computer memory.
- Initialism of powertrain control module.
- Initialism of power control module.
- Initialism of phase-change material (“the type of material that phase change memory is composed of, capable of applications in switching”).
- Initialism of pulse code modulation (“the system of encoding sound on a telephone for use in the PSTN, using a compander”).
prep_phrase
noun
- recall or remembrance
- attention
- knowledge and intellectual ability
- an important intellectual
- an opinion formed by judging something
- that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason
- your intention; what you intend to do
- The ability to be aware of things.
- A healthy mental state.
- (uncountable) Attention, consideration or thought.
- Somebody that embodies certain mental qualities.
- Desire, inclination, or intention.
- Judgment, opinion, or view.
- (philosophy) The non-material substance or set of processes in which consciousness, perception, affectivity, judgement, thinking, and will are based.
- The ability to focus the thoughts.
- The ability to remember things.
- The capability for rational thought.
- Continual prayer on a dead person's behalf for a period after their death.
verb
- be on one's guard; be cautious or wary about; be alert to
- pay close attention to; give heed to
- be in charge of or deal with
- keep in mind
- be concerned with or about something or somebody
- be offended or bothered by; take offense with, be bothered by
- (UK, Ireland) Take note; used to point out an exception or caveat.
- To bring or recall to mind; to remember; bear or keep in mind.
- (chiefly imperative) To pay attention or heed to so as to obey; hence to obey; to make sure, to take care (that).
- (originally and chiefly in negative or interrogative constructions) To dislike, to object to; to be bothered by.
- To turn one's mind to; to observe; to notice.
- (now regional) To remember.
- To be careful about.
- (now rare except in phrases) To pay attention to, in the sense of occupying one's mind with, to heed.
- (now obsolete outside dialect) To purpose, intend, plan.
- To look after, to take care of, especially for a short period of time.
- To regard with attention; to treat as of consequence.
noun
- (operating systems) Initialism of memory management.
- (audio, electronics) Initialism of moving magnet, a type of phono cartridge.
- Initialism of man-month.
- (Freemasonry) Initialism of Master Mason.
- (mathematics) Initialism of mathematical morphology.
- (finance) Initialism of market maker.
- (numismatic slang) Initialism of mintmark.
- (aviation) Initialism of middle marker.
- plural of M (“Monsieur”)
- Initialism of mile marker.
- (finance) Abbreviation of million.
- (education) Initialism of Master of Music.
- (education) Initialism of Master of Management.
- (philately) Initialism of mounted mint.
- (amateur radio) Initialism of maritime mobile.
name
num
noun
- Memory; what is retained in the mind.
- (law) The right to withhold a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right is duly paid; a lien.
- The act of retaining or something retained.
- (insurance) The portion of a potential damage that must be paid for by the holder of an insurance policy.
- The act or power of remembering things.
- (medicine) The length of time a patient remains in treatment.
- (medicine) The involuntary withholding of urine and faeces.
- the power of retaining liquid
- the act of retaining something
- the power of retaining and recalling past experience
noun
noun
- (psychology) A strategy for making more efficient use of short-term memory by recoding information.
- (mathematics, education) The partial-quotients method for solving simple division problems by repeated subtraction.
- (computing) The division of memory or data etc. into smaller units for easier processing.
- (writing) A method of presenting information which splits concepts into small pieces or "chunks" of information to make reading and understanding faster and easier, using such methods as bulleted lists, short subheadings, or short sentences with one or two ideas per sentence.
- The process of reducing something to short, thick pieces, usually using a hammer or a crowbar.
- (psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
verb
noun
- recall that is hypothesized to work by storing abstract features which are then used to construct the memory during recall
- an interpretation formed by piecing together bits of evidence
- the activity of constructing something again
- The act of restoring something to an earlier state.
- The action of reconstructing something, not necessarily to the earlier state.
- A thing that has been reconstructed or restored to an earlier state.
- The recreation or retelling of the (purported) events leading up to a certain outcome.
- (linguistics) A result of linguistic reconstruction; a model representing an unattested linguistic unit: a phoneme, a morpheme or a word.
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- make unavailable; bar from sale or distribution
- summon to return
- cause to be returned
- go back to something earlier
- bring to mind
- cause one's (or someone else's) thoughts or attention to return from a reverie or digression
- (transitive) To bring back (someone) to or from a particular mental or physical state, activity etc.
- (transitive) To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
- (transitive, intransitive) To call again; to call another time.
- (transitive) To call back, bring back, or summon (someone) to a specific place, station, etc.
- (transitive, intransitive) To call back (a situation, event, etc.) to one's mind; to remember; to recollect.
- (transitive, US politics) To remove an elected official through a petition and direct vote.
- (transitive) To hearken back to, evoke; to be reminiscent of.
- (transitive) To request or order the return of (a faulty product).
noun
- Memory; the ability to remember.
- a bugle call that signals troops to return
- the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
- a call to return
- a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)
- the act of removing an official by petition
- (information retrieval, machine learning) The fraction of (all) relevant material that is returned by a search.
- (chiefly US politics) The right or procedure by which a public official may be removed from office before the end of their term of office, by a vote of the people to be taken on the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters.
- Request of the return of a faulty product.
- (US politics) The right or procedure by which the decision of a court may be directly reversed or annulled by popular vote, as was advocated, in 1912, in the platform of the Progressive Party for certain cases involving the police power of the state.
noun
- recall that is hypothesized to work by storing the original stimulus input and reproducing it during recall
- the process of generating offspring
- the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring
- copy that is not the original; something that has been copied
- the act of making copies
- (computing) A method for reproducing a bug or problem.
- A copy of something, as in a piece of art; a duplicate.
- The act of making copies.
- The act of reproducing new individuals biologically.
noun
- memorization by repetition
- (rare) The roar of the surf; the sound of waves breaking on the shore.
- (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
- Synonym of crowd.
- Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.
adj
verb
noun
- The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance.
- That which is recollected; something called to mind; a reminiscence.
- Process of collecting again.
- The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the act of recalling to memory.
- (Catholicism) A spiritual retreat, especially one that is short.
- something recalled to the mind
- the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
- the ability to recall past occurrences
verb
- refresh one's memory
- To perform the periodic energizing required to maintain the contents of computer memory, the display luminance of a computer screen, etc.
- become or make oneself fresh again
- make (to feel) fresh
- make fresh again
- (intransitive) To become fresh again; to be revitalized.
- (computing, ambitransitive) To reload (a document, especially a webpage) and show any new changes.
- (computing, ambitransitive) To cause (a web browser or similar software) to refresh its display.
- (transitive) To renew or revitalize.
noun
verb
- refresh one's memory
- To perform the periodic energizing required to maintain the contents of computer memory, the display luminance of a computer screen, etc.
- become or make oneself fresh again
- make (to feel) fresh
- make fresh again
- (intransitive) To become fresh again; to be revitalized.
- (computing, ambitransitive) To reload (a document, especially a webpage) and show any new changes.
- (computing, ambitransitive) To cause (a web browser or similar software) to refresh its display.
- (transitive) To renew or revitalize.
noun
verb
- refresh one's memory
- look at again; examine again
- look back upon (a period of time, sequence of events); remember
- appraise critically
- hold a review (of troops)
- To survey; to look broadly over.
- To look back over in order to correct or edit; to revise.
- To write a critical evaluation of a new art work etc.; to write a review.
- (transitive, Philippines, sometimes Canada, US) To look over again (something previously written or learned), especially in preparation for an examination.
noun
- practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memory
- (accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data
- a new appraisal or evaluation
- a formal or official examination
- (law) a judicial reexamination of the proceedings of a court (especially by an appellate court)
- an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)
- a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment
- a summary at the end that repeats the substance of a longer discussion
- a periodical that publishes critical essays on current affairs or literature or art
- a variety show with topical sketches and songs and dancing and comedians
- (law) A judicial reassessment of a case or an event.
- A survey of the available items or material.
- (sciences) A review article.
- A stage show made up of topical sketches etc.
- A second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights.
- A periodical which makes a survey of the arts or some other field.
- A forensic inspection to assess compliance with regulations or some code.
- A military inspection or display for the benefit of superiors or VIPs.
- An account intended as a critical evaluation of a text or a piece of work.
verb
noun
verb
- stimulate to remember
- give a slight push to
- run at a moderately swift pace
- even up the edges of a stack of paper, in printing
- run for exercise
- continue talking or writing in a desultory manner
- (transitive) To shake, stir or rouse.
- (transitive) To cause to move at an energetic trot.
- (exercise, intransitive) To move at a pace between walking and running, to run at a leisurely pace.
- (transitive) To straighten stacks of paper by lightly tapping against a flat surface.
- (intransitive) To walk or ride forward with a jolting pace; to move at a heavy pace, trudge; to move on or along.
- (transitive) To push slightly; to move or shake with a push or jerk, as to gain the attention of; to jolt.
noun
- a sharp change in direction
- a slow pace of running
- a slight push or shake
- In card tricks, one or more cards that are secretly made to protrude slightly from the deck as an aid to the performer.
- A sudden push or nudge.
- An energetic trot, slower than a run, often used as a form of exercise.
- (theater) A flat placed perpendicularly to break up a flat surface.
verb
- repeat after memorization
- pour or rush back
- eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth
- feed through the beak by regurgitating previously swallowed food
- (transitive) To cough up from the gut to feed its young, as an animal or bird does.
- (transitive, figurative, sometimes derogatory) To repeat (information) verbatim or by rote, typically after learning it without actual comprehension.
- (intransitive) To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.
- (transitive) To throw up or vomit; to eject what has previously been swallowed.
noun
verb
- repeat after memorization
- have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant
- make a copy or equivalent of
- recreate a sound, image, idea, mood, atmosphere, etc.
- (transitive) To bring something to mind; to recall.
- (transitive) To produce an image or copy of.
- (transitive) To produce again; to recreate.
- (transitive or intransitive, biology) To generate or propagate offspring or organisms sexually or asexually.
verb
noun
verb
noun
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- (transitive) To retrieve from personal or computer memory.
- get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone
- cause to become available for use, either literally or figuratively
- call to arms; of military personnel
- bring forward for consideration
- (transitive) To select e.g. to a sports squad.
- (transitive) To summon (someone) to report for military service.
- (transitive, idiomatic) To call on the telephone.
noun
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- make unavailable; bar from sale or distribution
- summon to return
- cause to be returned
- go back to something earlier
- bring to mind
- cause one's (or someone else's) thoughts or attention to return from a reverie or digression
- (transitive) To bring back (someone) to or from a particular mental or physical state, activity etc.
- (transitive) To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
- (transitive, intransitive) To call again; to call another time.
- (transitive) To call back, bring back, or summon (someone) to a specific place, station, etc.
- (transitive, intransitive) To call back (a situation, event, etc.) to one's mind; to remember; to recollect.
- (transitive, US politics) To remove an elected official through a petition and direct vote.
- (transitive) To hearken back to, evoke; to be reminiscent of.
- (transitive) To request or order the return of (a faulty product).
noun
- Memory; the ability to remember.
- a bugle call that signals troops to return
- the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
- a call to return
- a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)
- the act of removing an official by petition
- (information retrieval, machine learning) The fraction of (all) relevant material that is returned by a search.
- (chiefly US politics) The right or procedure by which a public official may be removed from office before the end of their term of office, by a vote of the people to be taken on the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters.
- Request of the return of a faulty product.
- (US politics) The right or procedure by which the decision of a court may be directly reversed or annulled by popular vote, as was advocated, in 1912, in the platform of the Progressive Party for certain cases involving the police power of the state.
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- To memorize; to put something into memory.
- To recall from one's memory; to have an image in one's memory.
- recapture the past; indulge in memories
- mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship
- show appreciation to
- exercise, or have the power of, memory
- mention favorably, as in prayer
- call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony
- keep in mind for attention or consideration
- To keep in mind; to be mindful of.
- (intransitive) To engage in the process of recalling memories.
- (transitive) To give (a person) money as a token of appreciation of past service or friendship.
- To not forget (to do something required)
- (rare) Alternative form of re-member.
- To convey greetings from.
- (transitive) To commemorate, to have a remembrance ceremony.
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- run after, pick up, and bring to the master
- go for and bring back
- get or find back; recover the use of
- (transitive) To remember or recall something.
- (sports, transitive) To make a difficult but successful return of the ball.
- (intransitive) To fetch and bring in game systematically.
- (transitive) To salvage something
- (transitive) To rescue (a creature).
- (transitive) To fetch and bring in game.
- (transitive) To remedy or rectify something.
- (transitive) To regain or get back something.
- (transitive) To fetch or carry back something, especially (computing) a file or data record.
- (intransitive) To fetch or carry back systematically, notably as a game.
noun
verb
- recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection
- expect, believe, or suppose
- be capable of conscious thought
- bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation
- judge or regard; look upon; judge
- focus one's attention on a certain state
- have in mind as a purpose
- dispose the mind in a certain way
- imagine or visualize
- decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting
- have or formulate in the mind
- use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments
- ponder; reflect on, or reason about
- To presume; to venture.
- (transitive) To have (some statement) in one's mind; to say to oneself mentally.
- (intransitive) To conceive of something or someone [with of; or (rare) with on]
- (transitive) To ponder, to go over in one's mind.
- To plan; to be considering; to be of a mind (to do something).
- (informal, used to show obviousness or agreement) Ellipsis of think so.
- (transitive) To guess; to reckon; to believe while admittedly being uncertain.
- (intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one's mind, to try to find a solution to a problem.
- (transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as.
- (obsolete except in methinks) To seem, to appear.
noun
verb
- repeat aloud from memory
- narrate or give a detailed account of
- render verbally
- recite in elocution
- specify individually
- (intransitive) To deliver a recitation.
- (transitive) To list or enumerate something.
- Alternative spelling of re-cite (which is the preferred spelling, to avoid needless homography).
- (transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience.
verb
- (transitive, computing) To place a copy of an object in memory for later use.
- (radio) To receive a transmission successfully.
- (transitive) To produce an object identical to a given object.
- (transitive) To imitate.
- (transitive) To give or transmit a copy to (a person).
- reproduce someone's behavior or looks
- reproduce or make an exact copy of
- make a replica of
- copy down as is
noun
- (genetics) The result of gene or chromosomal duplication.
- A particular instance of an issue of a periodical (e.g., magazine, journal, bulletin): a single printed impression or digital file representing that issue; (metonynmically) the issue.
- (journalism) A person employed to carry copy and run errands.
- An imitation, sometimes of inferior quality.
- (marketing, advertising) The output of copywriters, who are employed to write material which encourages consumers to buy goods or services.
- A particular instance of a book: a single printed impression or digital file representing it.
- (uncountable) The text to be set into newspaper articles, magazine pages, or similar.
- (typography, journalism, publishing) The text (words, content) that is to be typeset or similarly prepared and published.
- The result of copying; an identical or nearly identical duplicate of an original.
- A schoolwork pad or workbook.
- a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
- material suitable for a journalistic account
- matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
- a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing
verb
- To be refreshed.
- To make green (vegetation that has become dry).
- (transitive) To give redness to (the face or cheeks of a person with light skin).
- To make cool.
- To touch up (makeup); to give (a body part, especially the face) a quick wash.
- To touch up the paint on (something).
- To refresh; to revive; to renew.
- (transitive, nautical) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing.
- (transitive) To make less salty; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients.
- (transitive, historical) To top up (primer) in a firearm.
- To become cool.
- To become not salty, to lose its salinity. (of water)
- (transitive) To top up (a drink).
- (intransitive, of wind) To become stronger.
- To remove or cover unpleasant qualities such as staleness, bad odour or taste (in air, breath, water, etc.).
- (intransitive, transitive, of a cow) To begin or resume giving milk, especially after calving; to cause to resume giving milk.
- become or make oneself fresh again
- make (to feel) fresh
- make fresh again
verb
- (transitive, computing) To remove (something previously loaded) from memory.
- (transitive) To remove (the load or cargo) from a vehicle, etc.
- (transitive) To get rid of or dispose of.
- (transitive) To discharge, pour, or expel.
- (transitive, slang) To ejaculate, particularly within an orifice.
- (transitive, aviation) To reduce the vertical load factor on (an airplane's wing or other lifting surface), typically by pitching downwards toward the ground to decrease angle of attack and reduce the amount of lift generated.
- (transitive) To remove the charge from; to discharge.
- (intransitive) To deposit one's load or cargo.
- (transitive) To deliver forcefully.
- (idiomatic, transitive) To sell or dispose of (something) with the intent to deceive; to attempt to pass off a counterfeit or inferior product as genuine.
- (transitive) To remove the load or cargo from (a vehicle, etc.).
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To give vent to or express; to unburden oneself of.
- remove (cargo, people, etc.) from and leave
- remove the load from (a container or vehicle)
adj
- (programming) Of a variable etc., having its associated memory immediately updated with any changes in value.
- Temporary or ephemeral.
- Of a situation potentially violent.
- (economics, finance) Of a price, variable or erratic.
- Fickle.
- Of a person, quick to become angry or violent.
- (informal) Of a substance, explosive.
- (computing) Of memory, whose content is lost when the computer is powered down.
- (physics) Evaporating or vaporizing readily under normal conditions.
- tending to vary often or widely
- evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures
- marked by erratic changeableness in affections or attachments
- liable to lead to sudden change or violence
noun
adj
- (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range
- marked by rude or peremptory shortness
- not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices
- primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration
- of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration
- of insufficient quantity to meet a need
- less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so
- tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening
- (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length
- lacking foresight or scope
- low in stature; not tall; describing something or someone with a stature less than normal
- (golf) Of an approach shot or putt, that falls short of the green or the hole.
- Having little duration.
- (cricket) Of a ball, bowled so that it bounces relatively far from the batsman.
- (colloquial) Undiluted; neat.
- (finance) Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.
- Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
- Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied, especially with money; scantily furnished; lacking.
- Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty.
- (baking) Of pastries or (metallurgy) of materials, brittle, crumbly.
- (gambling) Of betting odds, offering a small return for the money wagered.
- Deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard.
- Abrupt, brief, pointed, curt.
- Of a person, living being, or object, having a comparatively small height.
- (followed by for) Of a word or phrase, constituting an abbreviation (for another) or shortened form (of another).
- (by extension) Doubtful of, skeptical of.
- (cricket) Of a fielder or fielding position, that is relatively close to the batsman.
noun
- the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base
- the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
- accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference
- (Internet) A short-form vertical video.
- (finance) A short seller.
- A short film.
- A summary account.
- (US, slang) An automobile.
- (finance) A short sale or short position.
- (baseball) A shortstop.
- A short version of a garment in a particular size.
- (phonetics) A short phone (such as a vowel) or syllable.
- A short circuit.
- (programming) An integer variable having a smaller range than normal integers; usually two bytes long.
adv
- so as to interrupt
- at some point or distance before a goal is reached
- quickly and without warning; happening unexpectedly; on impulse; without premeditation
- at a disadvantage
- in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner
- without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold
- clean across
- Without achieving a goal or requirement.
- Abruptly, curtly, briefly.
- (finance) With a negative ownership position.
- (cricket, of the manner of bounce of a cricket ball) Relatively far from the batsman and hence bouncing higher than normal; opposite of full.
- Unawares.
verb
- create a short circuit in
- cheat someone by not returning them enough money
- (transitive) To cause a short circuit in (something).
- (intransitive, of an electrical circuit) To short circuit.
- (transitive, business) To sell something, especially securities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; to sell short.
- (transitive, informal) To provide with an amount smaller than that agreed or labeled; to shortchange.
prep
adj
noun
- A chronicle or memoir.
- Something, such as a monument, by which someone or something is remembered.
- (chiefly Christianity) A service of remembrance or commemoration.
- (law) A statement of facts set out in the form of a petition to a person in authority, a court or tribunal, a government, etc.
- a recognition of meritorious service
- a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority
- a structure erected to commemorate persons or events