Mots en English pour 'for one specific case'
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adv
adj
- For a particular purpose.
- for or concerned with one specific purpose
- often improvised or impromptu
- (sciences, of a hypothesis) Postulated solely to save a theory from being falsified, without making any new predictions.
- (networking) Independent of previously instated network structure, like routers or access points.
- Created on the spur of the moment; impromptu.
noun
- A particular or peculiar case.
- An attribute or quality peculiar to a species.
- A product that originates in and is characteristic of a place.
- (law) A contract or obligation under seal; a contract by deed; a writing, under seal, given as security for a debt particularly specified.
- That in which one specializes; a chosen expertise or talent; bailiwick.
- the special line of work you have adopted as your career
- a distinguishing trait
- an asset of special worth or utility
verb
- consider apart from a particular case or instance
- consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically
- give an abstract (of)
- make off with belongings of others
- (transitive) To separate; to disengage.
- (transitive) To draw off (interest or attention).
- (intransitive, fine arts) To create abstractions.
- (transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission.
- (transitive) To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.
- (intransitive, rare) To perform the process of abstraction.
- (transitive) To remove; to take away; withdraw.
- (intransitive, computing) To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".
- (transitive) To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality.
- To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
- (intransitive, reflexive, literally, figuratively) To withdraw oneself; to retire.
adj
- dealing with a subject in the abstract without practical purpose or intention
- existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment
- not representing or imitating external reality or the objects of nature
- Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational.
- (object-oriented programming, of a class) Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
- (dance) Lacking a story.
- (art, often capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20ᵗʰ century.
- (music) Absolute.
- Insufficiently factual.
- Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
- (grammar) As a noun, denoting a concept or intangible as opposed to an object, place, or person.
- Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive.
- Not concrete: conceptual, ideal.
- Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize.
noun
- a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance
- a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory
- An abridgement or summary of a longer publication.
- (art) An abstract work of art.
- (real estate) A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.
- (medicine) A powdered solid extract of a medicinal substance mixed with lactose.
- Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.
- An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract.
- Concentrated essence of a product.
- The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form.
adj
- (law) Appointed specifically to examine a single event or issue.
- (by extension, derogatory, often offensive, comparable) Stupid, lacking intelligence.
- (euphemistic, not comparable) Of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities.
- (military) Of or related to unconventional warfare.
- Of particular value or interest; dear; beloved.
- Distinguished by a unique, particular, or unusual quality.
- Infused with a drug, especially marijuana; being an edible.
- Constituting or relating to a species.
- Of, being, or pertaining to sexual intercourse or the genitals.
- surpassing what is common or usual or expected
- adapted to or reserved for a particular purpose
- for a special service or occasion
- first and most important
- having a specific function or scope
- added to a regular schedule
- unique or specific to a person or thing or category
noun
- (journalism) A journalist sent to the scene of an event to report back.
- A racehorse predicted to win; a sure thing.
- (broadcasting) Unusual or exceptional episode of a series.
- A meal offered only at a certain time by a restaurant, not as a standing fixture of the menu; often, one of a rotation of meals systematically offered for a lower price; also often a dish at a nondiscounted price that is seasonal or otherwise exciting or unusual.
- Anything that is not according to normal practice, plan, or schedule, as an unscheduled run of transportation that is normally scheduled.
- (pinball) An award, typically a free game, that is made available to the player upon reaching or completing a major objective in a pinball game.
- (British, colloquial) A special constable.
- (journalism) A dispatch sent back by a special correspondent.
- A reduction in consumer cost (usually for a limited time) for items or services rendered; the thing thus sold.
- Any unlicensed medicine produced or obtained for a specific individual patient.
- One of certain mixed-breed dogs.
- (theater) A light that illuminates a specific person or thing on the stage.
- a special offering (usually temporary and at a reduced price) that is featured in advertising
- a dish or meal given prominence in e.g. a restaurant
- a television production that features a particular person or work or topic
verb
adj
- confined to specific persons
- not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances
- close in relevance or relationship
- crowded
- strictly confined or guarded
- at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
- lacking fresh air
- inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information
- (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched
- of textiles
- marked by fidelity to an original
- used of hair or haircuts
- fitting closely but comfortably
- rigorously attentive; strict and thorough
- giving or spending with reluctance
- (archaic outside certain phrases) Physically narrow or confined.
- At little distance; near in space or time.
- Intimate or immediate in personal relationship.
- Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; almost exactly matching.
- Carefully done, detailed.
- Accurate; precise.
- (Ireland, UK, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.
- Tight, with little space separating components or elements.
- (linguistics, phonetics, of a vowel) Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.
- Strictly confined; carefully guarded.
- Tightly restricted in availability.
- Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer, goal, or other state); near.
- (law) Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.
- Attentive; undeviating; strict.
- (in particular) Almost resulting in disaster.
- (heraldry, of a bird) With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant); (of wings) in this posture.
- Short.
- Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.
- Involving a tight connection; involving frequent communication, shared or cooperative activity, etc.
- Marked, evident.
- Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact or nearly so.
noun
- the last section of a communication
- the temporal end; the concluding time
- the concluding part of any performance
- (chiefly British) A street that ends in a dead end.
- A cathedral close.
- (music) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
- An end or conclusion.
- (aviation, travel) The time when check-in staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.
- The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
- (Scotland) The common staircase in a tenement.
- (music) A double bar marking the end.
- (sales) The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.
- (Scotland) A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.
- (law) The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed
- A grapple in wrestling.
adv
verb
- come to a close
- draw near
- change one's body stance so that the forward shoulder and foot are closer to the intended point of impact
- be priced or listed when trading stops
- unite or bring into contact or bring together the edges of
- cease to operate or cause to cease operating
- move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut
- complete a business deal, negotiation, or an agreement
- cause a window or an application to disappear on a computer desktop
- fill or stop up
- come together, as if in an embrace
- become closed
- bar access to
- finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead
- finish or terminate (meetings, speeches, etc.)
- engage at close quarters
- bring together all the elements or parts of
- (intransitive) To become denser or more crowded with objects.
- (intransitive) To finish; to come to an end.
- To grapple; to engage in close combat.
- (ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.
- (Philippines, Quebec, Greece, Cyprus) To turn off; to switch off.
- (transitive) To obstruct or block.
- (transitive) To perform as the final act at (a show etc.).
- (transitive) To put out of use or operation.
- (transitive, baseball, pitching) To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.
- (transitive, intransitive, especially sports) To angle (a club, bat or other hitting implement) downwards and/or (for a right-hander) anticlockwise of straight.
- (intransitive) To cease operation or cease to be available.
- (transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.
- (transitive, intransitive, engineering, gas and liquid flow, of valve or damper) To move to a position preventing fluid from flowing.
- (surveying) To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
- (figuratively, transitive, intransitive) To make or become unreceptive.
- (ergative, marketing) To conclude (a sale).
- (intransitive) To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
- (ergative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
- (intransitive, of a business, market etc.) To cease trading for the day, or permanently.
- (transitive, finance) To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
- (chiefly figurative) To come or gather around; to enclose.
- (transitive) To end or conclude.
adj
- concerning one person exclusively
- Intended for a single person as opposed to more than one person.
- characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing
- being or characteristic of a single thing or person
- Relating to a single person or thing as opposed to more than one.
- Not divisible without losing its identity.
noun
- a single organism
- a human being; person, singular, assertive existential pronoun; pronoun, person, singular; quantifier: assertive existential
- (law) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.
- An object, be it a thing or an agent, as contrasted to a class.
- A person considered alone, rather than as belonging to a group of people.
- (statistics) An element belonging to a population.
adj
- concerning one person exclusively
- confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy
- concerning things deeply private and personal
- not expressed
- (philosophy) Of the mind or language, not in principle experienceable, knowable, or understandable by others.
- (UK, of schools) Financially reliant on fees rather than government funding.
- Not publicly known or divulged; secret, confidential; (of a message) intended only for a specific person or group.
- Secretive; reserved.
- Of a room in a medical facility, not shared with another patient.
- (not comparable, object-oriented programming) Accessible only to the class itself or instances of it, and not to other classes or even subclasses.
- (finance) Not traded by the public.
- Protected from view or disturbance by others; secluded; not publicly accessible.
- Belonging or pertaining to an individual person, group of people, or entity that is not the state.
- Not in governmental office or employment.
- Relating to an individual or group of individuals outside of their official roles; often, sensitive or personal.
noun
verb
noun
- a particular situation
- the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another
- a blank area
- an item on a list or in a sequence
- a public square with room for pedestrians
- proper or appropriate position or location
- the particular portion of space occupied by something
- a point located with respect to surface features of some region
- proper or designated social situation
- a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)
- the passage that is being read
- any area set aside for a particular purpose
- where you live at a particular time
- a job in an organization
- a general vicinity
- an abstract mental location
- A state of mind.
- Numerically, the column counting a certain quantity.
- Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding.
- Any area of the earth: a region.
- The area where one lives: one's home, formerly (chiefly) country estates and farms.
- A particular location in a book or document, particularly the current location of a reader
- An area of the body, especially the skin.
- The area one occupies, particularly somewhere to sit.
- A location or position in space.
- An open space, particularly a city square, market square, or courtyard.
- The position as a member of a sports team.
- An inhabited area: a village, town, or city.
- (often in street names or addresses) A street, sometimes but not always surrounding a public place, square, or plaza of the same name.
- (euphemistic slang) An area to urinate and defecate: an outhouse or lavatory.
- Reception; effect; implying the making room for.
- A role or purpose; a station.
- The position of a contestant in a competition.
- (horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.
verb
- make an investment
- assign a location to
- put into a certain place or abstract location
- recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something
- assign to a station
- finish second or better in a horse or dog race
- identify the location or place of
- take a place in a competition; often followed by an ordinal
- assign a rank or rating to
- locate
- sing a note with the correct pitch
- to arrange for
- assign to (a job or a home)
- estimate
- intend (something) to move towards a certain goal
- place somebody in a particular situation or location
- (transitive, in collocations) To make.
- (transitive) To remember where and when (an object or person) has been previously encountered.
- (transitive) To bet.
- (transitive) To recruit or match an appropriate person for a job, or a home for an animal for adoption, etc.
- (intransitive, motor racing) To finish second, especially of horses or dogs.
- (sports, transitive) To place-kick (a goal).
- (transitive) To vouch for someone's alibi.
- (ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).
- (transitive) To put (someone or something) in a specific location.
- (transitive) To sing (a note) with the correct pitch.
- (transitive) To assign (more or less value) to something.
noun
- the quality of being particular and pertaining to a specific case or instance
- A particular thing.
- The condition of being particular rather than general or universal; specificity.
- (Christianity, theology) The doctrine of the incarnation of God as Jesus occurring at a particular place and time.
- Attention to detail; fastidiousness.
- A distinctive characteristic or quality; a peculiarity.
noun
- a single distinct event
- a public disturbance
- (countable, uncountable) An event or occurrence.
- (often used in apposition) An event affecting an aircraft, usually a plane crash.
- An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.
- A (relatively minor) event that is incidental to, or related to others.
adj
- falling or striking of light rays on something
- (sometimes followed by ‘to’) minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature or occurring as a chance concomitant or consequence
- (law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal.
- (physics, of a stream of particles or radiation) Falling on or striking a surface.
- Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.
- Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.
- (mathematics) In a relation of incidence
- Arising as the result of an event, inherent.
noun
- A single aspect of a given thing.
- (linear algebra) The number of elements of any basis of a vector space.
- (computing) Any of the independent ranges of indices in a multidimensional array.
- A construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished.
- (physics) One of the physical properties that are regarded as fundamental measures of a physical quantity, such as mass, length and time.
- (geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates.
- (science fiction, fantasy) A universe or plane of existence.
- A measure of spatial extent in a particular direction, such as height, width or breadth, or depth.
- the magnitude of something in a particular direction (especially length or width or height)
- a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished
- one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space
- magnitude or extent
verb
noun
- an instance or single occasion for some event
- a sharp slanting blow
- an article of jewelry that can be clipped onto a hat or dress
- a metal frame or container holding cartridges; can be inserted into an automatic gun
- the act of clipping or snipping
- any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together
- A short piece of audio (shortened version of audio clip, or alternatively clipping of audio).
- (military, colloquial) A removable magazine of a firearm.
- Something which clips or grasps; a device for attaching one object to another.
- A newspaper clipping.
- (uncountable, Geordie) The condition of something, its state.
- (military) A frame containing a number of rounds of ammunition which is intended to be inserted into an internal magazine of a firearm to allow for rapid reloading.
- Something which has been clipped from a larger whole:
- The product of a single shearing of sheep.
- An act of clipping, such as a haircut.
- A section of video taken from a film, broadcast, or other longer video.
- A projecting flange on the upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower part of the hoof; a toe clip or beak.
- (fishing, UK, Scotland) A gaff or hook for landing the fish, as in salmon fishing.
- An unspecified, but normally understood as rapid, speed or pace.
- A season's crop of wool.
- (informal) A blow with the hand (often in the set phrase clip round the ear)
verb
- run at a moderately swift pace
- cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of
- sever or remove by pinching or snipping
- terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent
- attach with a clip
- (slang) To collect signatures, generally with the use of a clipboard.
- (computer graphics, video games, ambitransitive) To move (through or into) (a rendered object or barrier).
- (slang, transitive) To cheat, swindle, or fleece.
- To curtail; to cut short.
- (dialectal, informal) To strike with the hand.
- To fasten with a clip.
- To cut, especially with scissors or shears as opposed to a knife etc.
- (slang, transitive) to grab or take stealthily.
- (computer graphics) To discard (an occluded part of a model or scene) rather than waste resources on rendering it.
- To make a clip; to cut a section of video from a film, broadcast, or other longer video.
- To grip tightly.
- (signal processing) To cut off a signal level at a certain maximum value.
- (surgery, transitive) To treat (an aneurysm) by closing it off with a physical clip.
- To hit or strike, especially in passing.
- (slang) To assassinate; to bump off.
- (American football) To perform an illegal tackle, throwing the body across the back of an opponent's leg or hitting him from the back below the waist while moving up from behind unless the opponent is a runner or the action is in close line play.
noun
- an instance or single occasion for some event
- the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
- a suitable moment
- an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
- rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
- a person's experience on a particular occasion
- the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned
- a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
- a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
- the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
- (uncountable, slang) The serving of a prison sentence.
- (uncountable) The feeling of the passage of events and their relative duration, as experienced by an individual.
- (countable) A numerical indication of a particular moment.
- (uncountable with possessive) A person's youth or young adulthood, as opposed to the present day.
- (countable) An experience.
- (only in singular, sports and figuratively) Time out; temporary, limited suspension of play.
- (uncountable) A quantity of availability of duration.
- (UK, in public houses) Closing time.
- (countable) A measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical or general indication of a length of progression.
- (uncountable) The duration of time of a given day that has passed; the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device.
- (uncountable) Tempo; a measured rate of movement.
- (uncountable) Rhythmical division, meter.
- (physics, uncountable, reductionist definition) The property of a system which allows it to have more than one distinct configuration.
- (countable) The measurement under some system of region of day or moment.
- (physics, usually uncountable) A dimension of spacetime with the opposite metric signature to space dimensions; the fourth dimension.
- (music, uncountable) The measured duration of sounds.
- (countable) An instance or occurrence.
- (jazz) (uncountable) A straight rhythmic pattern, free from fills, breaks and other embellishments.
- (countable) A particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something (especially with prepositional phrase or imperfect subjunctive).
- (countable) An era; (articulated, sometimes in the plural) the current era, the current state of affairs.
- (slang, MLE) Clipping of a long time.
- (countable) A ratio of comparison (see also usage notes and prepositional sense at 'times').
- (with possessives) The end of someone’s life, conceived by the speaker as having been predestined.
- (uncountable) The inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present and past events.
- (physics, uncountable) Change associated with the second law of thermodynamics; the physical and psychological result of increasing entropy.
- The hour of childbirth.
verb
- assign a time for an activity or event
- set the speed, duration, or execution of
- regulate or set the time of
- measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time
- adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time
- To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.
- (transitive) To measure or record the time, duration, or rate of something.
- (transitive) To choose when something commences or its duration.
- To measure, as in music or harmony.
intj
adj
noun
prep
verb
adj
verb
- force somebody to do something
- bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted
- commit in order to fulfill an obligation
- (transitive, Canada, US, Scotland) To commit (money, for example) in order to fulfill an obligation.
- (transitive) To bind, compel, constrain, or oblige by a social, legal, or moral tie.
- (transitive, Canada, US, Scotland) To cause to be grateful or indebted; to oblige.
noun
noun
- an individualized description of a particular instance
- An assignment to someone to undertake a particular task.
- An ornamentation or decoration on something that has been constructed.
- A thorough description or explanation.
- A careful and thorough cleaning and refurbishing of an automobile, aircraft, boat, etc.
verb
adj
- highly unusual or rare but not the single instance
- Of a feature, such that only one holder has it.
- Particular, characteristic.
- (followed by ‘to’) applying exclusively to a given category or condition or locality
- radically distinctive and without equal
- the single one of its kind
- (not comparable) Being the only one of its kind; unequaled, unparalleled or unmatched.
- (often proscribed) Rare or unusual.
noun
adj
- Pertaining exclusively to a specific thing or person; particular.
- (algebraic geometry, of a morphism of schemes) Separated, of finite type, and universally closed.
- (usually postpositive) In the strict sense; within the strict definition or core (of a specified place, taxonomic order, idea, etc).
- (mathematics, physics) Eigen-; designating a function or value which is an eigenfunction or eigenvalue.
- (topology, of a function) Continuous, mapping closed sets to closed sets, and such that the preimage of every point is compact.
- (often postpositive) In the very strictest sense of the word.
- (mathematics) Being strictly part of some other thing (not necessarily explicitly mentioned, but of definitional importance), and not being the thing itself.
- Excellent, of high quality; such as the specific person or thing should ideally be. (Now often merged with later senses.)
- Belonging to oneself or itself; own.
- Following the established standards of behavior or manners; correct or decorous.
- Suited or acceptable to the purpose or circumstances; fit, suitable.
- (heraldry) Portrayed in natural or usual coloration, as opposed to conventional tinctures.
- (of a city or town) Including only the core areas while excluding surrounding suburbs
- (algebraic geometry, of a variety over a field k) Such that unique morphism from the variety to k is proper (as above).
- (mathematical analysis, of a metric space) Such that every closed ball is compact.
- (set theory, of a class) Not being a set.
- (now regional) Attractive, elegant.
- (grammar) Used to designate a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are usually written with an initial capital letter.
- (now colloquial) Utter, complete.
- (topology, of a function) Such that the preimage of every compact set is compact.
- appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs
- limited to the thing specified
- marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness
- having all the qualities typical of the thing specified
adv
noun
prep
adj
- characteristic of one only; distinctive or special
- markedly different from the usual; special
- beyond or deviating from the usual or expected
- unique or specific to a person or thing or category
- Common or usual for a certain place or circumstance; specific or particular.
- Out of the ordinary; odd; strange; unusual.
noun
noun
- a special situation
- a vaguely specified concern
- a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion
- an action
- a statement regarded as an object
- an entity that is not named specifically
- an artifact
- an event
- a separate and self-contained entity
- a special abstraction
- any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence
- a special objective
- (slang, euphemistic) A vulva or vagina.
- An individual object or distinct entity.
- (in the plural) Possessions or equipment; stuff; gear.
- (informal) A problem, dilemma, or complicating factor.
- (MLE) Alternative form of ting.
- (informal) A romantic couple.
- (MLE) Girl; attractive woman.
- (chiefly historical) A public assembly or judicial council in a Germanic country.
- (informal) A romantic relationship.
- (informal) A unit or container, usually containing consumable goods.
- (slang, euphemistic) A penis.
- (informal, used possessively, chiefly in the negative) That which is favoured; personal preference.
- (informal, with a) A genuine concept, entity or phenomenon; something that actually exists (often contrary to expectation or belief).
- Corporeal object.
- (informal) A custom or practice.
- Whatever can be owned.
- (informal, used possessively, with "do") One's typical routine, habits, or manner.
- A word, symbol, sign, or other referent that can be used to refer to any entity.
- A living being or creature.
- That which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.
- (informal, with the) The central point; the crux.
- Used after a noun to refer dismissively to the situation surrounding the noun's referent.
verb
adj
- Involving the actions of only one person.
- Performed using only one hand.
- Having only one hand.
- (chemistry) Chiral, having an asymmetric structural orientation.
- Designed for use with one hand
- (specifically, of reading or reading material) Pornographic in nature.
- That uses one hand.
- having or using a single hand
adv
noun
- a focus on something particular
- (Christianity, Judaism, theology) The principle that only certain people are chosen by God for salvation.
- (politics) The principle that individual states, races of a federation, etc., may act independently of a central authority.
- An exclusive focus on a particular area, group, sect, etc.
adj
- Designed for the use of only one.
- Not married, and (in modern times) not dating or without a significant other.
- Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.
- Performed by one person, or one on each side.
- Not divided in parts.
- Not accompanied by anything else; one in number.
- (botany) Having only one rank or row of petals.
- not divided among or brought to bear on more than one object or objective
- existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual
- not married or related to the unmarried state
- used of flowers having usually only one row or whorl of petals
- characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing
- being or characteristic of a single thing or person
- having uniform application
noun
- A single cigarette.
- (film) A shot of only one character.
- One of the reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give them firmness.
- One who is not married or does not have a romantic partner.
- (UK) A one-way ticket.
- (music) A 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B.
- (US, informal) A bill valued at $1.
- (tennis, chiefly in the plural) A game with one player on each side, as in tennis.
- (computing, programming) A floating-point number having half the precision of a double-precision value.
- (dominoes) A tile that has a different value (i.e. number of pips) at each end.
- (music) A popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.
- (cricket) A score of one run.
- (Canadian football) A score of one point, awarded when a kicked ball is dead within the non-kicking team's end zone or has exited that end zone.
- (baseball) A hit in baseball where the batter advances to first base.
- (UK, Scotland, dialect) A handful of gleaned grain.
- a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base
- the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
verb
noun
- A single action undertaken by a given agent.
- Alternative form of taisch.
- An objective.
- A difficult or tedious undertaking.
- (computing) A process or execution of a program.
- Any piece of work done.
- A piece of work done as part of one’s duties.
- a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee
- any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
verb
noun
- (countable) A case used in a such research.
- (uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.
- a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
- a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view
adj
- Created for a specific occasion.
- Acting in the indicated role from time to time.
- Intended for use as the occasion requires.
- Occurring or appearing irregularly from time to time, but not often; incidental.
- recurring or reappearing from time to time
- occurring from time to time
- occurring or appearing at usually irregular intervals
- occurring on a temporary or irregular basis
noun
noun
- A case offered as an exemplification or a precedent; an illustrative example.
- (massively multiplayer online games) A dungeon or other area that is duplicated for each player, or each party of players, that enters it, so that each player or party has a private copy of the area, isolated from other players.
- One of a series of recurring occasions, cases, essentially the same.
- An occasion; an order of occurrence.
- (massively multiplayer online games) An individual copy of such a dungeon or other area.
- (Internet) An independent server on a decentralised social network, such as Mastodon.
- (computing) A specific occurrence of something that is created or instantiated, such as a database, or an object of a class in object-oriented programming.
- an occurrence of something
- an item of information that is typical of a class or group
verb
- (massively multiplayer online games) To duplicate (a dungeon or other area) for each player, or each party of players, that enters it, so that each player or party has a private copy of the area, isolated from other players.
- (transitive, computer graphics) To render (an object) as part of a batch, using the same geometry data.
- (transitive) To mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite
- (intransitive) To cite an example as proof; to exemplify.
- clarify by giving an example of
noun
- a special set of circumstances
- a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)
- a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument
- bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow
- the actual state of things
- the quantity contained in a case
- a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home
- an occurrence of something
- the housing or outer covering of something
- a specific state of mind that is temporary
- an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part
- (printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has their type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers
- a problem requiring investigation
- the enclosing frame around a door or window opening
- nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence
- a person requiring professional services
- a specific size and style of type within a type family
- a portable container for carrying several objects
- a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation
- a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy
- (grammar) A specific inflection of a word (particularly a noun, pronoun, or adjective) depending on its function in the sentence.
- An actual event, situation, or fact.
- A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
- A specific matter or piece of work, specifically defined within a profession, usually in respect of a specific person and/or event; the set of tasks involved in addressing one such matter.
- (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.
- (poker slang) Four of a kind.
- A suitcase.
- The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
- (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
- (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
- A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
- (law) A legal proceeding; a lawsuit or prosecution.
- (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
- A box, sheath, or covering generally.
- An enclosing frame or casing.
- (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.
- A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
- (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.
- (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
- A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
- A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
- (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
verb
- enclose in, or as if in, a case
- look over, usually with the intention to rob
- (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
- (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
- (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
adj
noun
- a special set of circumstances
- a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
- a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
- something that happens at a given place and time
- A prearranged social activity (function, etc.)
- One of several contests that combine to make up a competition.
- (medicine) An episode of severe health conditions.
- An occurrence; something that happens.
- (probability theory) A set of some of the possible outcomes; a subset of the sample space.
- (physics) A point in spacetime having three spatial coordinates and one temporal coordinate.
- An end result; an outcome (now chiefly in phrases).
- (computing) A possible action that the user can perform that is monitored by an application or the operating system (event listener). When an event occurs an event handler is called which performs a specific task.
noun
adj
verb
- To mark distinctly for special treatment.
- (military) To gauge the range of a target by firing equally short and long of it and ranging the weapon between the two to achieve a very accurate hit.
- (photography) To take multiple images of the same subject, using a range of exposure settings, in order to help ensure that a satisfactory image is obtained.
- To set aside, discount, ignore.
- To bound on both sides, to surround, as enclosing with brackets.
- To enclose in typographical brackets.
- To place in the same category.
- To support by means of mechanical brackets.
- (philosophy, phenomenology) In the philosophical system of Edmund Husserl and his followers, to set aside metaphysical theories and existential questions concerning what is real in order to focus philosophical attention simply on the actual content of experience.
- support with brackets
- classify or group
- place into brackets
noun
- (US) “[” and “]” specifically, as opposed to the other forms, which have their own technical names.
- (nautical) A short crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.
- A fixture attached to a wall to hold up a shelf.
- (algebra) A pair of values that represent the smallest and largest elements of a range.
- (typography) The small curved or angular corner formed by a serif and a stroke in a letter.
- (sports) A diagram of games in a tournament.
- Alternative form of bragget (“drink made with ale and honey”).
- (military) Typically of stationary weapons, the zone enclosed by one long and one short shot impact expected to be hit very accurately.
- (engineering) Any intermediate object that connects a smaller part to a larger part, the smaller part typically projecting sideways from the larger part.
- (military) The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage, supporting the trunnions.
- (sports) A prediction of the outcome of games in a tournament, used for betting purposes.
- (UK) “(” and “)” specifically, the other forms above requiring adjectives for disambiguation.
- One of several ranges of numbers.
- either of two punctuation marks (‘<’ or ‘>’) used in computer programming and sometimes used to enclose textual material
- a category falling within certain defined limits
- either of two punctuation marks (‘[’ or ‘]’) used to enclose textual material
- a support projecting from a wall (as to hold a shelf)
prefix
- Behaviour of a single individual.
- Inside or with, in terms of location or position.
- A part of the root entity.
- The interior of the region indicated by the root.
- Between two or more similar entities that are within a larger entity. The root indicates the commonality between the entities.
- Indicating that the root is internal in nature.
- Within a group or concept.
- In alignment or synchronous with the root entity.
- During, within a time period.
- Spatially located in between the root entity and a reference point.
- Spatially located in between two points within the region indicated by the root entity.
- A direction that is inward or into the location indicated by the root word.
adj
- directly relevant to a matter especially a law case
- derived from or composed of matter
- concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests
- having material or physical form or substance
- having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary
- concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being
- (especially law) Having real importance or great consequences; significant; substantial.
- Of, relating to, or consisting of matter, especially physical.
- Relating to or concerned with what is purely physical rather than intellectual or spiritual, especially excessively so; materialistic.
- Of, relating to, or affecting physical well-being; corporeal; bodily.
- (logic) Of or relating to the matter of reasoning, as distinguished from the form of it, especially empirical.
noun
- the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
- information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form
- artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
- a person judged suitable for admission or employment
- things needed for doing or making something
- (rare) The materiel of an army.
- The elements, constituents or substance of which something physical or non-physical composed of or can be made of.
- (usually plural) Apparatus for doing or making something.
- (chess) All of a player's pieces and pawns on the chessboard, excluding the king.
- Something (as data, observations, perceptions or ideas) that may be incorporated, elaborated or otherwise reworked into a finished form or new form, or may serve as the basis for arriving at interpretations, judgments or conclusions.
- Fabric, which can be made into a garments, curtains, etc; especially, woven fabric (cloth).
- A basic matter (as metal, wood, plastic, fiber, etc.) from which the whole or the greater part of something physical (as a machine, tool, building, fabric, etc.) is made.
- (graphical user interface) An element of a design language associated with a certain style of rendering on the display.
- (sometimes collective, preceded by a qualifying word) A person, or people collectively, who are qualified or suited for a certain position or activity.
adj
- Unique; occurring only once.
- Holding 1.5 ounces.
- Needing only a single attempt to become effective.
- Performing all the necessary steps on every occurrence, rather than relying on previous setup.
- (research design) Measuring something at a single point in time, with no control group.
- Involving a single gunshot.
- (sports) Involving a single act of launching a ball.
noun
- (electronics) A monostable multivibrator.
- A single appearance by a performer.
- (video games) A player that can be killed in a single hit.
- (television, film, comics) A television program, film, or comic book that is not part of a series.
- A gun that must be reloaded after firing a single shot.
- (fandom slang) A fanfic of only one chapter.
- A product that is sold on its own, rather than as part of a line of products.
- (film) A cinematographic shot of a person talking to camera; a talking head.
- (programming) A programmable interval timer.
- (music) A music sample that is played without immediate repetition.
- Something that occurs only once; a one-off.
verb
noun
- A particular or peculiar case.
- An attribute or quality peculiar to a species.
- A product that originates in and is characteristic of a place.
- (law) A contract or obligation under seal; a contract by deed; a writing, under seal, given as security for a debt particularly specified.
- That in which one specializes; a chosen expertise or talent; bailiwick.
- the special line of work you have adopted as your career
- a distinguishing trait
- an asset of special worth or utility
noun
- a particular situation
- the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another
- a blank area
- an item on a list or in a sequence
- a public square with room for pedestrians
- proper or appropriate position or location
- the particular portion of space occupied by something
- a point located with respect to surface features of some region
- proper or designated social situation
- a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)
- the passage that is being read
- any area set aside for a particular purpose
- where you live at a particular time
- a job in an organization
- a general vicinity
- an abstract mental location
- A state of mind.
- Numerically, the column counting a certain quantity.
- Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding.
- Any area of the earth: a region.
- The area where one lives: one's home, formerly (chiefly) country estates and farms.
- A particular location in a book or document, particularly the current location of a reader
- An area of the body, especially the skin.
- The area one occupies, particularly somewhere to sit.
- A location or position in space.
- An open space, particularly a city square, market square, or courtyard.
- The position as a member of a sports team.
- An inhabited area: a village, town, or city.
- (often in street names or addresses) A street, sometimes but not always surrounding a public place, square, or plaza of the same name.
- (euphemistic slang) An area to urinate and defecate: an outhouse or lavatory.
- Reception; effect; implying the making room for.
- A role or purpose; a station.
- The position of a contestant in a competition.
- (horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.
verb
- make an investment
- assign a location to
- put into a certain place or abstract location
- recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something
- assign to a station
- finish second or better in a horse or dog race
- identify the location or place of
- take a place in a competition; often followed by an ordinal
- assign a rank or rating to
- locate
- sing a note with the correct pitch
- to arrange for
- assign to (a job or a home)
- estimate
- intend (something) to move towards a certain goal
- place somebody in a particular situation or location
- (transitive, in collocations) To make.
- (transitive) To remember where and when (an object or person) has been previously encountered.
- (transitive) To bet.
- (transitive) To recruit or match an appropriate person for a job, or a home for an animal for adoption, etc.
- (intransitive, motor racing) To finish second, especially of horses or dogs.
- (sports, transitive) To place-kick (a goal).
- (transitive) To vouch for someone's alibi.
- (ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).
- (transitive) To put (someone or something) in a specific location.
- (transitive) To sing (a note) with the correct pitch.
- (transitive) To assign (more or less value) to something.
noun
- the quality of being particular and pertaining to a specific case or instance
- A particular thing.
- The condition of being particular rather than general or universal; specificity.
- (Christianity, theology) The doctrine of the incarnation of God as Jesus occurring at a particular place and time.
- Attention to detail; fastidiousness.
- A distinctive characteristic or quality; a peculiarity.
noun
- a single distinct event
- a public disturbance
- (countable, uncountable) An event or occurrence.
- (often used in apposition) An event affecting an aircraft, usually a plane crash.
- An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.
- A (relatively minor) event that is incidental to, or related to others.
adj
- falling or striking of light rays on something
- (sometimes followed by ‘to’) minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature or occurring as a chance concomitant or consequence
- (law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal.
- (physics, of a stream of particles or radiation) Falling on or striking a surface.
- Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.
- Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.
- (mathematics) In a relation of incidence
- Arising as the result of an event, inherent.
noun
- A single aspect of a given thing.
- (linear algebra) The number of elements of any basis of a vector space.
- (computing) Any of the independent ranges of indices in a multidimensional array.
- A construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished.
- (physics) One of the physical properties that are regarded as fundamental measures of a physical quantity, such as mass, length and time.
- (geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates.
- (science fiction, fantasy) A universe or plane of existence.
- A measure of spatial extent in a particular direction, such as height, width or breadth, or depth.
- the magnitude of something in a particular direction (especially length or width or height)
- a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished
- one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space
- magnitude or extent
verb
noun
- an instance or single occasion for some event
- a sharp slanting blow
- an article of jewelry that can be clipped onto a hat or dress
- a metal frame or container holding cartridges; can be inserted into an automatic gun
- the act of clipping or snipping
- any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together
- A short piece of audio (shortened version of audio clip, or alternatively clipping of audio).
- (military, colloquial) A removable magazine of a firearm.
- Something which clips or grasps; a device for attaching one object to another.
- A newspaper clipping.
- (uncountable, Geordie) The condition of something, its state.
- (military) A frame containing a number of rounds of ammunition which is intended to be inserted into an internal magazine of a firearm to allow for rapid reloading.
- Something which has been clipped from a larger whole:
- The product of a single shearing of sheep.
- An act of clipping, such as a haircut.
- A section of video taken from a film, broadcast, or other longer video.
- A projecting flange on the upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower part of the hoof; a toe clip or beak.
- (fishing, UK, Scotland) A gaff or hook for landing the fish, as in salmon fishing.
- An unspecified, but normally understood as rapid, speed or pace.
- A season's crop of wool.
- (informal) A blow with the hand (often in the set phrase clip round the ear)
verb
- run at a moderately swift pace
- cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of
- sever or remove by pinching or snipping
- terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent
- attach with a clip
- (slang) To collect signatures, generally with the use of a clipboard.
- (computer graphics, video games, ambitransitive) To move (through or into) (a rendered object or barrier).
- (slang, transitive) To cheat, swindle, or fleece.
- To curtail; to cut short.
- (dialectal, informal) To strike with the hand.
- To fasten with a clip.
- To cut, especially with scissors or shears as opposed to a knife etc.
- (slang, transitive) to grab or take stealthily.
- (computer graphics) To discard (an occluded part of a model or scene) rather than waste resources on rendering it.
- To make a clip; to cut a section of video from a film, broadcast, or other longer video.
- To grip tightly.
- (signal processing) To cut off a signal level at a certain maximum value.
- (surgery, transitive) To treat (an aneurysm) by closing it off with a physical clip.
- To hit or strike, especially in passing.
- (slang) To assassinate; to bump off.
- (American football) To perform an illegal tackle, throwing the body across the back of an opponent's leg or hitting him from the back below the waist while moving up from behind unless the opponent is a runner or the action is in close line play.
noun
- an instance or single occasion for some event
- the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
- a suitable moment
- an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
- rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
- a person's experience on a particular occasion
- the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned
- a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
- a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
- the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
- (uncountable, slang) The serving of a prison sentence.
- (uncountable) The feeling of the passage of events and their relative duration, as experienced by an individual.
- (countable) A numerical indication of a particular moment.
- (uncountable with possessive) A person's youth or young adulthood, as opposed to the present day.
- (countable) An experience.
- (only in singular, sports and figuratively) Time out; temporary, limited suspension of play.
- (uncountable) A quantity of availability of duration.
- (UK, in public houses) Closing time.
- (countable) A measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical or general indication of a length of progression.
- (uncountable) The duration of time of a given day that has passed; the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device.
- (uncountable) Tempo; a measured rate of movement.
- (uncountable) Rhythmical division, meter.
- (physics, uncountable, reductionist definition) The property of a system which allows it to have more than one distinct configuration.
- (countable) The measurement under some system of region of day or moment.
- (physics, usually uncountable) A dimension of spacetime with the opposite metric signature to space dimensions; the fourth dimension.
- (music, uncountable) The measured duration of sounds.
- (countable) An instance or occurrence.
- (jazz) (uncountable) A straight rhythmic pattern, free from fills, breaks and other embellishments.
- (countable) A particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something (especially with prepositional phrase or imperfect subjunctive).
- (countable) An era; (articulated, sometimes in the plural) the current era, the current state of affairs.
- (slang, MLE) Clipping of a long time.
- (countable) A ratio of comparison (see also usage notes and prepositional sense at 'times').
- (with possessives) The end of someone’s life, conceived by the speaker as having been predestined.
- (uncountable) The inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present and past events.
- (physics, uncountable) Change associated with the second law of thermodynamics; the physical and psychological result of increasing entropy.
- The hour of childbirth.
verb
- assign a time for an activity or event
- set the speed, duration, or execution of
- regulate or set the time of
- measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time
- adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time
- To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.
- (transitive) To measure or record the time, duration, or rate of something.
- (transitive) To choose when something commences or its duration.
- To measure, as in music or harmony.
intj
noun
- an individualized description of a particular instance
- An assignment to someone to undertake a particular task.
- An ornamentation or decoration on something that has been constructed.
- A thorough description or explanation.
- A careful and thorough cleaning and refurbishing of an automobile, aircraft, boat, etc.
verb
noun
- a special situation
- a vaguely specified concern
- a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion
- an action
- a statement regarded as an object
- an entity that is not named specifically
- an artifact
- an event
- a separate and self-contained entity
- a special abstraction
- any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence
- a special objective
- (slang, euphemistic) A vulva or vagina.
- An individual object or distinct entity.
- (in the plural) Possessions or equipment; stuff; gear.
- (informal) A problem, dilemma, or complicating factor.
- (MLE) Alternative form of ting.
- (informal) A romantic couple.
- (MLE) Girl; attractive woman.
- (chiefly historical) A public assembly or judicial council in a Germanic country.
- (informal) A romantic relationship.
- (informal) A unit or container, usually containing consumable goods.
- (slang, euphemistic) A penis.
- (informal, used possessively, chiefly in the negative) That which is favoured; personal preference.
- (informal, with a) A genuine concept, entity or phenomenon; something that actually exists (often contrary to expectation or belief).
- Corporeal object.
- (informal) A custom or practice.
- Whatever can be owned.
- (informal, used possessively, with "do") One's typical routine, habits, or manner.
- A word, symbol, sign, or other referent that can be used to refer to any entity.
- A living being or creature.
- That which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.
- (informal, with the) The central point; the crux.
- Used after a noun to refer dismissively to the situation surrounding the noun's referent.
verb
noun
- a focus on something particular
- (Christianity, Judaism, theology) The principle that only certain people are chosen by God for salvation.
- (politics) The principle that individual states, races of a federation, etc., may act independently of a central authority.
- An exclusive focus on a particular area, group, sect, etc.
noun
- A single action undertaken by a given agent.
- Alternative form of taisch.
- An objective.
- A difficult or tedious undertaking.
- (computing) A process or execution of a program.
- Any piece of work done.
- A piece of work done as part of one’s duties.
- a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee
- any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
verb
noun
- (countable) A case used in a such research.
- (uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.
- a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
- a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view
noun
- A case offered as an exemplification or a precedent; an illustrative example.
- (massively multiplayer online games) A dungeon or other area that is duplicated for each player, or each party of players, that enters it, so that each player or party has a private copy of the area, isolated from other players.
- One of a series of recurring occasions, cases, essentially the same.
- An occasion; an order of occurrence.
- (massively multiplayer online games) An individual copy of such a dungeon or other area.
- (Internet) An independent server on a decentralised social network, such as Mastodon.
- (computing) A specific occurrence of something that is created or instantiated, such as a database, or an object of a class in object-oriented programming.
- an occurrence of something
- an item of information that is typical of a class or group
verb
- (massively multiplayer online games) To duplicate (a dungeon or other area) for each player, or each party of players, that enters it, so that each player or party has a private copy of the area, isolated from other players.
- (transitive, computer graphics) To render (an object) as part of a batch, using the same geometry data.
- (transitive) To mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite
- (intransitive) To cite an example as proof; to exemplify.
- clarify by giving an example of
noun
- a special set of circumstances
- a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)
- a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument
- bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow
- the actual state of things
- the quantity contained in a case
- a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home
- an occurrence of something
- the housing or outer covering of something
- a specific state of mind that is temporary
- an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part
- (printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has their type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers
- a problem requiring investigation
- the enclosing frame around a door or window opening
- nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence
- a person requiring professional services
- a specific size and style of type within a type family
- a portable container for carrying several objects
- a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation
- a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy
- (grammar) A specific inflection of a word (particularly a noun, pronoun, or adjective) depending on its function in the sentence.
- An actual event, situation, or fact.
- A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
- A specific matter or piece of work, specifically defined within a profession, usually in respect of a specific person and/or event; the set of tasks involved in addressing one such matter.
- (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.
- (poker slang) Four of a kind.
- A suitcase.
- The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
- (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
- (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
- A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
- (law) A legal proceeding; a lawsuit or prosecution.
- (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
- A box, sheath, or covering generally.
- An enclosing frame or casing.
- (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.
- A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
- (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.
- (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
- A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
- A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
- (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
verb
- enclose in, or as if in, a case
- look over, usually with the intention to rob
- (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
- (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
- (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
adj
noun
- a special set of circumstances
- a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
- a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
- something that happens at a given place and time
- A prearranged social activity (function, etc.)
- One of several contests that combine to make up a competition.
- (medicine) An episode of severe health conditions.
- An occurrence; something that happens.
- (probability theory) A set of some of the possible outcomes; a subset of the sample space.
- (physics) A point in spacetime having three spatial coordinates and one temporal coordinate.
- An end result; an outcome (now chiefly in phrases).
- (computing) A possible action that the user can perform that is monitored by an application or the operating system (event listener). When an event occurs an event handler is called which performs a specific task.
noun
adj
verb
- consider apart from a particular case or instance
- consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically
- give an abstract (of)
- make off with belongings of others
- (transitive) To separate; to disengage.
- (transitive) To draw off (interest or attention).
- (intransitive, fine arts) To create abstractions.
- (transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission.
- (transitive) To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.
- (intransitive, rare) To perform the process of abstraction.
- (transitive) To remove; to take away; withdraw.
- (intransitive, computing) To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".
- (transitive) To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality.
- To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
- (intransitive, reflexive, literally, figuratively) To withdraw oneself; to retire.
adj
- dealing with a subject in the abstract without practical purpose or intention
- existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment
- not representing or imitating external reality or the objects of nature
- Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational.
- (object-oriented programming, of a class) Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
- (dance) Lacking a story.
- (art, often capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20ᵗʰ century.
- (music) Absolute.
- Insufficiently factual.
- Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
- (grammar) As a noun, denoting a concept or intangible as opposed to an object, place, or person.
- Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive.
- Not concrete: conceptual, ideal.
- Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize.
noun
- a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance
- a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory
- An abridgement or summary of a longer publication.
- (art) An abstract work of art.
- (real estate) A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.
- (medicine) A powdered solid extract of a medicinal substance mixed with lactose.
- Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.
- An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract.
- Concentrated essence of a product.
- The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form.
verb
- To mark distinctly for special treatment.
- (military) To gauge the range of a target by firing equally short and long of it and ranging the weapon between the two to achieve a very accurate hit.
- (photography) To take multiple images of the same subject, using a range of exposure settings, in order to help ensure that a satisfactory image is obtained.
- To set aside, discount, ignore.
- To bound on both sides, to surround, as enclosing with brackets.
- To enclose in typographical brackets.
- To place in the same category.
- To support by means of mechanical brackets.
- (philosophy, phenomenology) In the philosophical system of Edmund Husserl and his followers, to set aside metaphysical theories and existential questions concerning what is real in order to focus philosophical attention simply on the actual content of experience.
- support with brackets
- classify or group
- place into brackets
noun
- (US) “[” and “]” specifically, as opposed to the other forms, which have their own technical names.
- (nautical) A short crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.
- A fixture attached to a wall to hold up a shelf.
- (algebra) A pair of values that represent the smallest and largest elements of a range.
- (typography) The small curved or angular corner formed by a serif and a stroke in a letter.
- (sports) A diagram of games in a tournament.
- Alternative form of bragget (“drink made with ale and honey”).
- (military) Typically of stationary weapons, the zone enclosed by one long and one short shot impact expected to be hit very accurately.
- (engineering) Any intermediate object that connects a smaller part to a larger part, the smaller part typically projecting sideways from the larger part.
- (military) The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage, supporting the trunnions.
- (sports) A prediction of the outcome of games in a tournament, used for betting purposes.
- (UK) “(” and “)” specifically, the other forms above requiring adjectives for disambiguation.
- One of several ranges of numbers.
- either of two punctuation marks (‘<’ or ‘>’) used in computer programming and sometimes used to enclose textual material
- a category falling within certain defined limits
- either of two punctuation marks (‘[’ or ‘]’) used to enclose textual material
- a support projecting from a wall (as to hold a shelf)
adv
adj
- For a particular purpose.
- for or concerned with one specific purpose
- often improvised or impromptu
- (sciences, of a hypothesis) Postulated solely to save a theory from being falsified, without making any new predictions.
- (networking) Independent of previously instated network structure, like routers or access points.
- Created on the spur of the moment; impromptu.
adj
- (law) Appointed specifically to examine a single event or issue.
- (by extension, derogatory, often offensive, comparable) Stupid, lacking intelligence.
- (euphemistic, not comparable) Of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities.
- (military) Of or related to unconventional warfare.
- Of particular value or interest; dear; beloved.
- Distinguished by a unique, particular, or unusual quality.
- Infused with a drug, especially marijuana; being an edible.
- Constituting or relating to a species.
- Of, being, or pertaining to sexual intercourse or the genitals.
- surpassing what is common or usual or expected
- adapted to or reserved for a particular purpose
- for a special service or occasion
- first and most important
- having a specific function or scope
- added to a regular schedule
- unique or specific to a person or thing or category
noun
- (journalism) A journalist sent to the scene of an event to report back.
- A racehorse predicted to win; a sure thing.
- (broadcasting) Unusual or exceptional episode of a series.
- A meal offered only at a certain time by a restaurant, not as a standing fixture of the menu; often, one of a rotation of meals systematically offered for a lower price; also often a dish at a nondiscounted price that is seasonal or otherwise exciting or unusual.
- Anything that is not according to normal practice, plan, or schedule, as an unscheduled run of transportation that is normally scheduled.
- (pinball) An award, typically a free game, that is made available to the player upon reaching or completing a major objective in a pinball game.
- (British, colloquial) A special constable.
- (journalism) A dispatch sent back by a special correspondent.
- A reduction in consumer cost (usually for a limited time) for items or services rendered; the thing thus sold.
- Any unlicensed medicine produced or obtained for a specific individual patient.
- One of certain mixed-breed dogs.
- (theater) A light that illuminates a specific person or thing on the stage.
- a special offering (usually temporary and at a reduced price) that is featured in advertising
- a dish or meal given prominence in e.g. a restaurant
- a television production that features a particular person or work or topic
verb
adj
- confined to specific persons
- not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances
- close in relevance or relationship
- crowded
- strictly confined or guarded
- at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
- lacking fresh air
- inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information
- (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched
- of textiles
- marked by fidelity to an original
- used of hair or haircuts
- fitting closely but comfortably
- rigorously attentive; strict and thorough
- giving or spending with reluctance
- (archaic outside certain phrases) Physically narrow or confined.
- At little distance; near in space or time.
- Intimate or immediate in personal relationship.
- Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; almost exactly matching.
- Carefully done, detailed.
- Accurate; precise.
- (Ireland, UK, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.
- Tight, with little space separating components or elements.
- (linguistics, phonetics, of a vowel) Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.
- Strictly confined; carefully guarded.
- Tightly restricted in availability.
- Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer, goal, or other state); near.
- (law) Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.
- Attentive; undeviating; strict.
- (in particular) Almost resulting in disaster.
- (heraldry, of a bird) With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant); (of wings) in this posture.
- Short.
- Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.
- Involving a tight connection; involving frequent communication, shared or cooperative activity, etc.
- Marked, evident.
- Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact or nearly so.
noun
- the last section of a communication
- the temporal end; the concluding time
- the concluding part of any performance
- (chiefly British) A street that ends in a dead end.
- A cathedral close.
- (music) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
- An end or conclusion.
- (aviation, travel) The time when check-in staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.
- The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
- (Scotland) The common staircase in a tenement.
- (music) A double bar marking the end.
- (sales) The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.
- (Scotland) A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.
- (law) The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed
- A grapple in wrestling.
adv
verb
- come to a close
- draw near
- change one's body stance so that the forward shoulder and foot are closer to the intended point of impact
- be priced or listed when trading stops
- unite or bring into contact or bring together the edges of
- cease to operate or cause to cease operating
- move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut
- complete a business deal, negotiation, or an agreement
- cause a window or an application to disappear on a computer desktop
- fill or stop up
- come together, as if in an embrace
- become closed
- bar access to
- finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead
- finish or terminate (meetings, speeches, etc.)
- engage at close quarters
- bring together all the elements or parts of
- (intransitive) To become denser or more crowded with objects.
- (intransitive) To finish; to come to an end.
- To grapple; to engage in close combat.
- (ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.
- (Philippines, Quebec, Greece, Cyprus) To turn off; to switch off.
- (transitive) To obstruct or block.
- (transitive) To perform as the final act at (a show etc.).
- (transitive) To put out of use or operation.
- (transitive, baseball, pitching) To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.
- (transitive, intransitive, especially sports) To angle (a club, bat or other hitting implement) downwards and/or (for a right-hander) anticlockwise of straight.
- (intransitive) To cease operation or cease to be available.
- (transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.
- (transitive, intransitive, engineering, gas and liquid flow, of valve or damper) To move to a position preventing fluid from flowing.
- (surveying) To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
- (figuratively, transitive, intransitive) To make or become unreceptive.
- (ergative, marketing) To conclude (a sale).
- (intransitive) To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
- (ergative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
- (intransitive, of a business, market etc.) To cease trading for the day, or permanently.
- (transitive, finance) To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
- (chiefly figurative) To come or gather around; to enclose.
- (transitive) To end or conclude.
adj
- concerning one person exclusively
- Intended for a single person as opposed to more than one person.
- characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing
- being or characteristic of a single thing or person
- Relating to a single person or thing as opposed to more than one.
- Not divisible without losing its identity.
noun
- a single organism
- a human being; person, singular, assertive existential pronoun; pronoun, person, singular; quantifier: assertive existential
- (law) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.
- An object, be it a thing or an agent, as contrasted to a class.
- A person considered alone, rather than as belonging to a group of people.
- (statistics) An element belonging to a population.
adj
- concerning one person exclusively
- confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy
- concerning things deeply private and personal
- not expressed
- (philosophy) Of the mind or language, not in principle experienceable, knowable, or understandable by others.
- (UK, of schools) Financially reliant on fees rather than government funding.
- Not publicly known or divulged; secret, confidential; (of a message) intended only for a specific person or group.
- Secretive; reserved.
- Of a room in a medical facility, not shared with another patient.
- (not comparable, object-oriented programming) Accessible only to the class itself or instances of it, and not to other classes or even subclasses.
- (finance) Not traded by the public.
- Protected from view or disturbance by others; secluded; not publicly accessible.
- Belonging or pertaining to an individual person, group of people, or entity that is not the state.
- Not in governmental office or employment.
- Relating to an individual or group of individuals outside of their official roles; often, sensitive or personal.
noun
verb
adj
noun
prep
verb
adj
verb
- force somebody to do something
- bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted
- commit in order to fulfill an obligation
- (transitive, Canada, US, Scotland) To commit (money, for example) in order to fulfill an obligation.
- (transitive) To bind, compel, constrain, or oblige by a social, legal, or moral tie.
- (transitive, Canada, US, Scotland) To cause to be grateful or indebted; to oblige.
noun
adj
- highly unusual or rare but not the single instance
- Of a feature, such that only one holder has it.
- Particular, characteristic.
- (followed by ‘to’) applying exclusively to a given category or condition or locality
- radically distinctive and without equal
- the single one of its kind
- (not comparable) Being the only one of its kind; unequaled, unparalleled or unmatched.
- (often proscribed) Rare or unusual.
noun
adj
- Pertaining exclusively to a specific thing or person; particular.
- (algebraic geometry, of a morphism of schemes) Separated, of finite type, and universally closed.
- (usually postpositive) In the strict sense; within the strict definition or core (of a specified place, taxonomic order, idea, etc).
- (mathematics, physics) Eigen-; designating a function or value which is an eigenfunction or eigenvalue.
- (topology, of a function) Continuous, mapping closed sets to closed sets, and such that the preimage of every point is compact.
- (often postpositive) In the very strictest sense of the word.
- (mathematics) Being strictly part of some other thing (not necessarily explicitly mentioned, but of definitional importance), and not being the thing itself.
- Excellent, of high quality; such as the specific person or thing should ideally be. (Now often merged with later senses.)
- Belonging to oneself or itself; own.
- Following the established standards of behavior or manners; correct or decorous.
- Suited or acceptable to the purpose or circumstances; fit, suitable.
- (heraldry) Portrayed in natural or usual coloration, as opposed to conventional tinctures.
- (of a city or town) Including only the core areas while excluding surrounding suburbs
- (algebraic geometry, of a variety over a field k) Such that unique morphism from the variety to k is proper (as above).
- (mathematical analysis, of a metric space) Such that every closed ball is compact.
- (set theory, of a class) Not being a set.
- (now regional) Attractive, elegant.
- (grammar) Used to designate a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are usually written with an initial capital letter.
- (now colloquial) Utter, complete.
- (topology, of a function) Such that the preimage of every compact set is compact.
- appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs
- limited to the thing specified
- marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness
- having all the qualities typical of the thing specified
adv
noun
adj
- characteristic of one only; distinctive or special
- markedly different from the usual; special
- beyond or deviating from the usual or expected
- unique or specific to a person or thing or category
- Common or usual for a certain place or circumstance; specific or particular.
- Out of the ordinary; odd; strange; unusual.
noun
adj
- Involving the actions of only one person.
- Performed using only one hand.
- Having only one hand.
- (chemistry) Chiral, having an asymmetric structural orientation.
- Designed for use with one hand
- (specifically, of reading or reading material) Pornographic in nature.
- That uses one hand.
- having or using a single hand
adv
adj
- Designed for the use of only one.
- Not married, and (in modern times) not dating or without a significant other.
- Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.
- Performed by one person, or one on each side.
- Not divided in parts.
- Not accompanied by anything else; one in number.
- (botany) Having only one rank or row of petals.
- not divided among or brought to bear on more than one object or objective
- existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual
- not married or related to the unmarried state
- used of flowers having usually only one row or whorl of petals
- characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing
- being or characteristic of a single thing or person
- having uniform application
noun
- A single cigarette.
- (film) A shot of only one character.
- One of the reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give them firmness.
- One who is not married or does not have a romantic partner.
- (UK) A one-way ticket.
- (music) A 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B.
- (US, informal) A bill valued at $1.
- (tennis, chiefly in the plural) A game with one player on each side, as in tennis.
- (computing, programming) A floating-point number having half the precision of a double-precision value.
- (dominoes) A tile that has a different value (i.e. number of pips) at each end.
- (music) A popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.
- (cricket) A score of one run.
- (Canadian football) A score of one point, awarded when a kicked ball is dead within the non-kicking team's end zone or has exited that end zone.
- (baseball) A hit in baseball where the batter advances to first base.
- (UK, Scotland, dialect) A handful of gleaned grain.
- a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base
- the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
verb
adj
- Created for a specific occasion.
- Acting in the indicated role from time to time.
- Intended for use as the occasion requires.
- Occurring or appearing irregularly from time to time, but not often; incidental.
- recurring or reappearing from time to time
- occurring from time to time
- occurring or appearing at usually irregular intervals
- occurring on a temporary or irregular basis
noun
adj
- directly relevant to a matter especially a law case
- derived from or composed of matter
- concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests
- having material or physical form or substance
- having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary
- concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being
- (especially law) Having real importance or great consequences; significant; substantial.
- Of, relating to, or consisting of matter, especially physical.
- Relating to or concerned with what is purely physical rather than intellectual or spiritual, especially excessively so; materialistic.
- Of, relating to, or affecting physical well-being; corporeal; bodily.
- (logic) Of or relating to the matter of reasoning, as distinguished from the form of it, especially empirical.
noun
- the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
- information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form
- artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
- a person judged suitable for admission or employment
- things needed for doing or making something
- (rare) The materiel of an army.
- The elements, constituents or substance of which something physical or non-physical composed of or can be made of.
- (usually plural) Apparatus for doing or making something.
- (chess) All of a player's pieces and pawns on the chessboard, excluding the king.
- Something (as data, observations, perceptions or ideas) that may be incorporated, elaborated or otherwise reworked into a finished form or new form, or may serve as the basis for arriving at interpretations, judgments or conclusions.
- Fabric, which can be made into a garments, curtains, etc; especially, woven fabric (cloth).
- A basic matter (as metal, wood, plastic, fiber, etc.) from which the whole or the greater part of something physical (as a machine, tool, building, fabric, etc.) is made.
- (graphical user interface) An element of a design language associated with a certain style of rendering on the display.
- (sometimes collective, preceded by a qualifying word) A person, or people collectively, who are qualified or suited for a certain position or activity.
adj
- Unique; occurring only once.
- Holding 1.5 ounces.
- Needing only a single attempt to become effective.
- Performing all the necessary steps on every occurrence, rather than relying on previous setup.
- (research design) Measuring something at a single point in time, with no control group.
- Involving a single gunshot.
- (sports) Involving a single act of launching a ball.
noun
- (electronics) A monostable multivibrator.
- A single appearance by a performer.
- (video games) A player that can be killed in a single hit.
- (television, film, comics) A television program, film, or comic book that is not part of a series.
- A gun that must be reloaded after firing a single shot.
- (fandom slang) A fanfic of only one chapter.
- A product that is sold on its own, rather than as part of a line of products.
- (film) A cinematographic shot of a person talking to camera; a talking head.
- (programming) A programmable interval timer.
- (music) A music sample that is played without immediate repetition.
- Something that occurs only once; a one-off.
verb
adv
adj
- For a particular purpose.
- for or concerned with one specific purpose
- often improvised or impromptu
- (sciences, of a hypothesis) Postulated solely to save a theory from being falsified, without making any new predictions.
- (networking) Independent of previously instated network structure, like routers or access points.
- Created on the spur of the moment; impromptu.