English-Wörter für 'The process or technique of obtaining a representative sample.'
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noun
- The process or technique of obtaining a representative sample.
- (statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study
- (countable) A sample.
- (statistics) The analysis of a group by determining the characteristics of a significant percentage of its members chosen at random.
- (signal processing) The measurement, at regular intervals, of the amplitude of a varying waveform in order to convert it to digital form.
- (music) The electronic splicing of pieces of previously recorded sound as part of a composition, especially as part of hip-hop or electronic dance music.
- measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form)
- items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
verb
noun
adv
intj
verb
- (transitive) To indicate in a written form.
- (informal, imperative, transitive) Suppose, assume; used to mark an example, supposition or hypothesis.
- (intransitive) To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.
- (transitive, informal, of a possession, especially money) To bet as a wager on an outcome; by extension, used to express belief in an outcome by the speaker.
- (transitive) To pronounce.
- (transitive) To recite.
- (transitive) To tell, either verbally or in writing.
- To try; to assay.
- (impersonal, transitive) To have a common expression; used in singular passive voice or plural active voice to indicate a rumor or well-known fact.
- express a supposition
- speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
- give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
- have or contain a certain wording or form
- indicate
- recite or repeat a fixed text
- state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
- report or maintain
- utter aloud
- express in words
- communicate or express nonverbally
noun
- a sample meant to be representative of a whole population
- (mathematics, statistics) A sample meant to be representative of a whole population.
- (physics) the probability that a particular interaction (as capture or ionization) will take place between particles; measured in barns
- a section created by a plane cutting a solid perpendicular to its longest axis
- (physics) The probability that a particular nuclear reaction will take place.
- A section formed by a plane cutting through an object, usually at right angles to an axis.
noun
- (statistics) Initialism of primary sampling unit, a sampling unit in the first stage of a polyetapic sampling.
- (electronics, computer hardware) Initialism of power supply unit.
- (rare, oceanography) Alternative letter-case form of psu (“practical salinity unit”).
- (banking, finance) Initialism of payment service user.
name
noun
- (by analogy) Searching through a sample for a target; an act of screening, or the method for it.
- (American football) Ellipsis of screen pass.
- (mining, quarrying) A frame supporting a mesh of bars or wires used to classify fragments of stone by size, allowing the passage of fragments whose a diameter is smaller than the distance between the bars or wires.
- (cricket) An erection of white canvas or wood placed on the boundary opposite a batsman to make the ball more easily visible.
- (basketball) An offensive tactic in which a player stands so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
- A physical divider intended to block an area from view, or provide shelter from something dangerous.
- The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
- (figurative) A disguise; concealment.
- (by extension) A room in a cinema.
- (printing) A stencil upon a framed mesh through which paint is forced onto printed-on material; the frame with the mesh itself.
- (architecture) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.
- (nautical) A collection of less-valuable vessels that travel with a more valuable one for the latter's protection.
- (genetics) A technique used to identify genes so as to study gene functions.
- One of the individual regions of a video game, etc. divided into separate screens.
- (computing) The visualised data or imagery displayed on a computer screen.
- (baseball) The protective netting which protects the audience from flying objects
- The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.
- the personnel of the film industry
- the display that is electronically created on the surface of the large end of a cathode-ray tube
- a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something
- a protective covering that keeps things out or hinders sight
- a protective covering consisting of netting; can be mounted in a frame
- a strainer for separating lumps from powdered material or grading particles
- a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing
- partition consisting of a decorative frame or panel that serves to divide a space
verb
- To shelter or conceal.
- (basketball) To stand so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
- To filter by passing through a screen.
- To remove information, or censor intellectual material from viewing. To hide the facts.
- (molecular biology) To search chemical libraries by means of a computational technique in order to identify chemical compounds which would potentially bind to a given biological target such as a protein.
- To determine the source or subject matter of a call before deciding whether to answer the phone.
- To fit with a screen.
- (film, television) To present publicly (on the screen).
- (medicine) To examine patients or treat a sample in order to detect a chemical or a disease, or to assess susceptibility to a disease.
- examine in order to test suitability
- separate with a riddle, as grain from chaff
- test or examine for the presence of disease or infection
- protect, hide, or conceal from danger or harm
- project onto a screen for viewing
- examine methodically
- prevent from entering
noun
- A quantity calculated from the data in a sample, which characterises an important aspect in the sample (such as mean or standard deviation).
- A single item in a statistical study.
- A person, or personal event, reduced to being an item of statistical information.
- a datum that can be represented numerically
adj
verb
verb
- take a sample of
- (transitive, signal processing) To reduce a continuous signal (such as a sound wave) to a discrete signal.
- (transitive, computer graphics) To make or show something similar to a sample.
- (music, transitive) To reuse a portion of (an existing sound recording) in a new piece of music.
- (transitive) To take or to test a sample or samples of.
noun
- items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
- all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
- a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
- (business) A small piece of some goods, for determining quality, colour, etc., typically given away for free.
- (music) A borrowing of easily recognised phases (or moments) from other music (or movies) in a recording.
- (cooking) A small quantity of food for tasting, typically given away for free.
- A part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen.
- (statistics) A subset or portion of a population that is systematically selected for measurement, observation, or questioning, with the objective of generating statistical information that accurately reflects the characteristics of the entire population.
verb
- take a sample of
- experience briefly
- perceive by the sense of taste
- distinguish flavors
- have flavor; taste of something
- have a distinctive or characteristic taste
- To try by eating a little; to eat a small quantity of.
- (transitive) To sample the flavor of something orally.
- (intransitive, copulative) To have a taste; to excite a particular sensation by which flavor is distinguished.
- (transitive) To identify (a flavor) by sampling something orally.
- To take sparingly.
- (transitive, figurative) To experience.
noun
- a strong liking
- delicate discrimination (especially of esthetic values)
- a brief experience of something
- the faculty of distinguishing sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth
- the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus
- a small amount eaten or drunk
- a kind of sensing; distinguishing substances by means of the taste buds
- A kind of narrow and thin silk ribbon.
- The sense that consists in the perception and interpretation of this sensation.
- Personal preference; liking; predilection.
- (figuratively) A small amount of experience with something that gives a sense of its quality as a whole.
- (countable and uncountable) A person's implicit set of preferences, especially esthetic, though also culinary, sartorial, etc.
- One of the sensations produced by the tongue in response to certain chemicals; the quality of giving this sensation.
- A small sample of food, drink, or recreational drugs.
adj
verb
- take a sample of
- To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.
- examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process
- put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice
- give pain or trouble to
- melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities
- put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
- test the limits of
- make an effort or attempt
- put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of
- To strain; to subject to excessive tests.
- To have or gain knowledge of by experience.
- (nautical) To lie to in heavy weather under just sufficient sail to head into the wind.
- (specifically) To test someone's patience.
- To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms.
- To put to test.
- (law) To put on trial.
- To work on something with one's best effort and focus.
- (with indirect interrogative clause) To attempt to determine (by experiment or effort).
- (slang, chiefly African-American Vernacular, used with another verb) To want, to desire.
- (figuratively, chiefly used in the imperative) To receive an imminent attack; to take.
- To taste, sample, etc.
- (euphemistic, of a couple) To attempt to conceive a child.
- To attempt; to endeavour. Followed by infinitive.
- To make an experiment. Usually followed by a present participle.
noun
- earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
- (programming) A block of code that may trigger exceptions the programmer expects to catch, usually demarcated by the keyword try.
- (American football) A field goal or extra point
- (rugby) A score in rugby league and rugby union, analogous to a touchdown in American football.
- An attempt.
- An act of tasting or sampling.
- (chess) A move that almost solves a chess problem, except that Black has a unique defense.
verb
- take a sample of
- perform in order to get a role
- try something new, as in order to gain experience
- put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
- (intransitive) To undergo a test before being selected; to audition.
- (transitive) To test (something) to see how it works or whether it is suitable.
adj
noun
noun
- A sample, especially one used for diagnostic analysis.
- (numismatics) A banknote printed for distribution to central banks to aid in the recognition of banknotes from a country other than their own
- (philately) A postage stamp sent to postmasters and postal administrations so that they are able to identify valid stamps and to avoid forgeries
- (humorous, often preceded with “fine”) An eligible man.
- An individual instance that represents a class; an example.
- (derogatory) An unpleasant or contemptible person.
- a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes
- an example regarded as typical of its class
noun
- the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
- A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
- a venture at something new or different
- the testing of an idea
verb
noun
- an assortment of various samples
- Someone whose job is to take samples.
- a piece of embroidery demonstrating skill with various stitches
- someone who samples food or drink for its quality
- an observation station that is set up to make sample observations of something
- A device that takes samples.
- A piece of needlework embroidered with a variety of designs.
- A representative selection of a larger group.
- (music) An electronic musical instrument that records and plays back samples of recordings.
noun
- A selection of such samples bound together.
- (UK) A channel or passage of water between sandbanks, or between a sandbank and a seashore.
- (figuratively) A clump or portion of something.
- A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth or a similar material.
- (figuratively) A demonstration, an example, a proof.
- a sample piece of cloth
verb
noun
adj
- (philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation.
- Pertaining to or based on experience, as opposed to theory.
- Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses.
- relying on medical quackery
- derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
noun
- Examination and determination; test.
- The qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of something.
- Trial, attempt.
- The alloy or metal to be assayed.
- The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.
- Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried.
- Tested purity or value.
- a substance that is undergoing an analysis of its components
- a written report of the results of an analysis of the composition of some substance
- an appraisal of the state of affairs
- a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.
verb
verb
- To determine by trial or experiment; to find out (if or whether).
- (gambling, transitive) To respond to another player's bet with a bet of equal value.
- To come to a realization of having been mistaken or misled.
- To examine something closely, or to utilize something, often as a temporary alternative.
- (used in the imperative) Used to emphasise a proposition.
- (by extension) Chiefly followed by that: to ensure that something happens, especially by personally witnessing it.
- To have an interview with; especially, to make a call upon; to visit.
- (used in the imperative) To reference or to study for further details.
- (transitive) To perceive or detect someone or something with the eyes, or as if by sight.
- To witness or observe by personal experience.
- (transitive) To wait upon; attend, escort.
- (figuratively) To understand.
- To date frequently.
- To form a mental picture of.
- To include as one of something's experiences.
- To watch (a movie) at a cinema, or a show on television etc.
- (transitive) To foresee, predict, or prophesy.
- To visit for a medical appointment.
- (ergative) To be the setting or time of.
- match or meet
- perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
- make sense of; assign a meaning to
- observe as if with an eye
- deliberate or decide
- be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
- perceive or be contemporaneous with
- date regularly; have a steady relationship with
- conduct someone someplace
- find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort
- take charge of or deal with
- perceive (an idea or situation) mentally
- come together
- see and understand, have a good eye
- go to see for professional or business reasons
- deem to be
- imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind
- go to see for a social visit
- undergo or live through a difficult experience
- go to see a place, as for entertainment
- get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally
- observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect
- see or watch
- receive as a specified guest
intj
noun
- The office of a bishop or archbishop.
- Alternative form of cee; the name of the Latin script letter C/c.
- A diocese or archdiocese: a region of a church, generally headed by a bishop or an archbishop.
- A seat; a site; a place where sovereign, autonomous, or autocephalous power is exercised.
- the seat within a bishop's diocese where the bishop's cathedral is located
noun
- (statistics) Initialism of simple random sample, a sample chosen from a population so that any sample of the same size could have equally likely been chosen.
- (systems engineering) Initialism of system requirement specification.
- (medicine) Initialism of sex reassignment surgery.
- (biochemistry) Initialism of small RNA sequencing.
- (medicine) Initialism of Silver-Russell syndrome.
- (sex) Initialism of same room sex.
- (software engineering) Initialism of software requirement specification.
- (automotive) Initialism of supplemental restraint system or secondary restraint system (car airbags).
- (education, software) Initialism of spaced repetition software.
noun
- someone who conducts a statistical survey
- an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures
- A person occupied with surveying: the process of determining positions on the earth's surface.
- One who carries out a survey or poll.
- (UK) A person charged with inspecting something for the purpose of determining its condition, value, etc.
noun
- (countable) A test or method used for this purpose.
- (medicine) Identifying cases of a disease in a population of asymptomatic persons.
- (business) Identifying latent unsuitabilities in business propositions, job applicants, or investment opportunities.
- (soccer) Shielding.
- (uncountable) Mesh material that is used to screen (as in a "screen door").
- (by extension, uncountable) The examination of any material or persons to detect problems through any of various testing, checking, or filtering processes, as:
- (volleyball) Action done by the serving team to prevent the opposing team from seeing the server and the flight path of the ball.
- The examination and treatment of a material to detect and remove unwanted fractions by passing it through a screen (sieve).
- (in the plural) Material removed by such a process; refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.
- The showing of a film, typically by projecting it on a screen.
- testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics
- the act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it
- fabric of metal or plastic mesh
- the display of a motion picture
verb
noun
- The testing of a product or procedure.
- the act of undergoing testing
- (grammar) The trial number.
- (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
- (law) A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
- An event in which athletes’ or animals’ abilities are tested as they compete for a place on a team, or to move on to the next level of a championship, for example.
- (medicine, sciences, research) A research study to test the effectiveness and safety of a drug, medical procedure, etc.
- A difficult or annoying experience or person; (especially religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety.
- An occasion on which a person or thing is tested to find out how well they perform or how suitable they are.
- (UK) An internal examination set by Eton College.
- an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event
- (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications
- the act of testing something
- trying something to find out about it
- (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law
adj
verb
noun
- (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn
- the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.)
- the people who inhabit a territory or state
- a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area
- the act of populating (causing to live in a place)
- (prison) General population.
- A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.
- (by extension) The people with a given characteristic.
- (computing) The act of filling initially empty items in a collection.
- The people living within a political or geographical boundary.
- (cellular automata) The number of living cells in a pattern.
- (statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.
- (biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.
noun
- (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn
- everything that exists anywhere
- everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
- A whole world, in the sense of perspective or social setting.
- (literature, films) A collection of stories with characters and settings that typically share a continuity but are less interrelated than those of sequels or prequels.
- Everything under consideration.
- (pantheism) A deity who is equivalent to the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos.
- (mathematics) The set of all things considered.
- The sum of everything that exists in the cosmos.
- An entity similar to our universe; one component of a larger entity known as the multiverse.
- An imaginary collection of worlds; the general imaginary world within which a work of fiction takes place, broader than its immediate setting.
- (statistics, psychometrics) The set of all admissible observations.
- (marketing, economics) A sample taken from the population.
name
noun
- (countable, statistics) A statistical study performed using the method.
- (uncountable, statistics) A statistical method used to describe variability among observed correlated variables in terms of one or more unobserved variables (called factors).
- any of several methods for reducing correlational data to a smaller number of dimensions or factors; beginning with a correlation matrix a small number of components or factors are extracted that are regarded as the basic variables that account for the interrelations observed in the data
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- place into check
- develop (a child's or animal's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control
- slow the growth or development of
- hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of
- abandon the intended prey, turn, and pursue an inferior prey
- hand over something to somebody as for temporary safekeeping
- put a check mark on or near or next to
- stop for a moment, as if out of uncertainty or caution
- block or impede (a player from the opposing team) in ice hockey
- be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
- consign for shipment on a vehicle
- find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort
- be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics
- stop in a chase especially when scent is lost
- make an examination or investigation
- verify by consulting a source or authority
- make cracks or chinks in
- lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits
- be verified or confirmed; pass inspection
- write out a check on a bank account
- become fractured; break or crack on the surface only
- mark into squares or draw squares on; draw crossed lines on
- decline to initiate betting
- arrest the motion (of something) abruptly
- (nautical) To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended.
- (intransitive) To check out, make sense or prove to be the case after verification or interrogation.
- (transitive) To leave with a shipping agent for shipping.
- (transitive) To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack.
- To act as a curb or restraint.
- (informal, transitive) To scold or rebuke someone.
- (transitive) To mark with a check pattern.
- (poker, transitive) To announce that one is remaining in a hand without betting.
- (transitive) To verify the accuracy of a text or translation, usually making some corrections (proofread) or many (copyedit).
- (intransitive, with at) To make a stop; to pause.
- (transitive) To control, limit, or halt.
- (street basketball, transitive) To pass or bounce the ball to an opponent from behind the three-point line and have the opponent pass or bounce it back to start play.
- (chess, transitive) To make a move which puts an adversary's king in check; to put in check.
- (transitive, US, often used with "off") To mark items on a list (with a checkmark or by crossing them out) that have been chosen for keeping or removal or that have been dealt with (for example, completed or verified as correct or satisfactory).
- To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.
- (transitive) To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
- (falconry) To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other birds.
- (sports, transitive) To disrupt another player with the stick or body to obtain possession of the ball or puck.
- (transitive) To verify or compare with a source of information.
- (transitive) To leave in safekeeping.
- (transitive) To inspect; to examine.
noun
- a textile pattern of squares or crossed lines (resembling a checkerboard)
- obstructing an opponent in ice hockey
- the act of inspecting or verifying
- a mark left after a small piece has been chopped or broken off of something
- the bill in a restaurant
- the state of inactivity following an interruption
- additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct
- something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
- (chess) a direct attack on an opponent's king
- the act of restraining power or action or limiting excess
- an appraisal of the state of affairs
- a written order directing a bank to pay money
- a mark indicating that something has been noted or completed etc.
- An inspection or examination.
- (falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other birds. [from 15th c.]
- A lengthwise separation through the growth rings in wood.
- Any fabric woven with such a pattern.
- A small chink or crack.
- (US) An order to a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.
- A token used instead of cash in various contexts, including sign-out of company property or collection of rations (dated), in gaming machines, or in gambling generally.
- (chess) A situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece.
- (US) A bill, particularly in a restaurant.
- (textiles, usually pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.
- A control; a limit or stop.
- A mark, certificate, or token by which errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified.
- (contact sports) A maneuver performed by a player to take another player out of the play.
- (US) A mark (especially a checkmark: ✓) used as an indicator.
adj
intj
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- (transitive) To announce on social media that one has come to a location.
- (transitive) To formally announce one's arrival at a location or event (usually a hotel) to a proprietor or employee of that location or event in order to secure admission, accommodations, or other services.
- (transitive) To seek to verify (a claim or some data).
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- trace
- withdraw money by writing a check
- be verified or confirmed; pass inspection
- try to learn someone's opinions and intentions
- announce one's departure from a hotel
- record, add up, and receive payment for items purchased
- (intransitive) To leave in a hurry.
- (intransitive) To become uninterested in an activity and cease to participate in more than a perfunctory manner; to become uncooperative.
- (intransitive, euphemistic, by extension) To die.
- (transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.
- (intransitive) To prove (after an investigation) to be the case, or to be in order.
- (intransitive) To record one's departure from a workplace, hotel, restaurant, etc.
- (transitive, programming) To obtain source code (or other material) from a source control repository so that one can modify it (and often later check in the modified version back).
- (intransitive) To become catatonic or otherwise nonresponsive.
- (darts) To visit the oche for the last time and clear one's remaining points to win the game.
- (transitive) To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.).
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- hold a review (of troops)
- happen in a particular manner
- fall forward and down
- (intransitive, idiomatic) To create a response or impression.
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see go, over.
- (rugby) To score a try.
- (transitive) To encompass or cover (a subject).
- (graffiti) To spray paint graffiti over someone else's graffiti.
- (transitive, idiomatic) To look at carefully; to scrutinize; to analyze.
- (intransitive, by extension) To convert or switch sides.
noun
- (sciences) A portion of the original sample that is representative in nature to that of the original sample, thereby assuring equivalency in results from tests and analysis either upon the subsample or the original material, independent of their size.
- A smaller portion of an original sample, created by trimming, subdividing, splitting or discrete collection of the original sample.
verb
noun
adj
verb
verb
noun
noun
- The process or technique of obtaining a representative sample.
- (statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study
- (countable) A sample.
- (statistics) The analysis of a group by determining the characteristics of a significant percentage of its members chosen at random.
- (signal processing) The measurement, at regular intervals, of the amplitude of a varying waveform in order to convert it to digital form.
- (music) The electronic splicing of pieces of previously recorded sound as part of a composition, especially as part of hip-hop or electronic dance music.
- measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form)
- items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
verb
noun
adv
intj
verb
- (transitive) To indicate in a written form.
- (informal, imperative, transitive) Suppose, assume; used to mark an example, supposition or hypothesis.
- (intransitive) To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.
- (transitive, informal, of a possession, especially money) To bet as a wager on an outcome; by extension, used to express belief in an outcome by the speaker.
- (transitive) To pronounce.
- (transitive) To recite.
- (transitive) To tell, either verbally or in writing.
- To try; to assay.
- (impersonal, transitive) To have a common expression; used in singular passive voice or plural active voice to indicate a rumor or well-known fact.
- express a supposition
- speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
- give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
- have or contain a certain wording or form
- indicate
- recite or repeat a fixed text
- state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
- report or maintain
- utter aloud
- express in words
- communicate or express nonverbally
noun
- a sample meant to be representative of a whole population
- (mathematics, statistics) A sample meant to be representative of a whole population.
- (physics) the probability that a particular interaction (as capture or ionization) will take place between particles; measured in barns
- a section created by a plane cutting a solid perpendicular to its longest axis
- (physics) The probability that a particular nuclear reaction will take place.
- A section formed by a plane cutting through an object, usually at right angles to an axis.
noun
- (statistics) Initialism of primary sampling unit, a sampling unit in the first stage of a polyetapic sampling.
- (electronics, computer hardware) Initialism of power supply unit.
- (rare, oceanography) Alternative letter-case form of psu (“practical salinity unit”).
- (banking, finance) Initialism of payment service user.
name
noun
- (by analogy) Searching through a sample for a target; an act of screening, or the method for it.
- (American football) Ellipsis of screen pass.
- (mining, quarrying) A frame supporting a mesh of bars or wires used to classify fragments of stone by size, allowing the passage of fragments whose a diameter is smaller than the distance between the bars or wires.
- (cricket) An erection of white canvas or wood placed on the boundary opposite a batsman to make the ball more easily visible.
- (basketball) An offensive tactic in which a player stands so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
- A physical divider intended to block an area from view, or provide shelter from something dangerous.
- The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
- (figurative) A disguise; concealment.
- (by extension) A room in a cinema.
- (printing) A stencil upon a framed mesh through which paint is forced onto printed-on material; the frame with the mesh itself.
- (architecture) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.
- (nautical) A collection of less-valuable vessels that travel with a more valuable one for the latter's protection.
- (genetics) A technique used to identify genes so as to study gene functions.
- One of the individual regions of a video game, etc. divided into separate screens.
- (computing) The visualised data or imagery displayed on a computer screen.
- (baseball) The protective netting which protects the audience from flying objects
- The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.
- the personnel of the film industry
- the display that is electronically created on the surface of the large end of a cathode-ray tube
- a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something
- a protective covering that keeps things out or hinders sight
- a protective covering consisting of netting; can be mounted in a frame
- a strainer for separating lumps from powdered material or grading particles
- a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing
- partition consisting of a decorative frame or panel that serves to divide a space
verb
- To shelter or conceal.
- (basketball) To stand so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.
- To filter by passing through a screen.
- To remove information, or censor intellectual material from viewing. To hide the facts.
- (molecular biology) To search chemical libraries by means of a computational technique in order to identify chemical compounds which would potentially bind to a given biological target such as a protein.
- To determine the source or subject matter of a call before deciding whether to answer the phone.
- To fit with a screen.
- (film, television) To present publicly (on the screen).
- (medicine) To examine patients or treat a sample in order to detect a chemical or a disease, or to assess susceptibility to a disease.
- examine in order to test suitability
- separate with a riddle, as grain from chaff
- test or examine for the presence of disease or infection
- protect, hide, or conceal from danger or harm
- project onto a screen for viewing
- examine methodically
- prevent from entering
noun
- A quantity calculated from the data in a sample, which characterises an important aspect in the sample (such as mean or standard deviation).
- A single item in a statistical study.
- A person, or personal event, reduced to being an item of statistical information.
- a datum that can be represented numerically
adj
verb
noun
- A sample, especially one used for diagnostic analysis.
- (numismatics) A banknote printed for distribution to central banks to aid in the recognition of banknotes from a country other than their own
- (philately) A postage stamp sent to postmasters and postal administrations so that they are able to identify valid stamps and to avoid forgeries
- (humorous, often preceded with “fine”) An eligible man.
- An individual instance that represents a class; an example.
- (derogatory) An unpleasant or contemptible person.
- a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes
- an example regarded as typical of its class
noun
- the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
- A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
- a venture at something new or different
- the testing of an idea
verb
noun
- an assortment of various samples
- Someone whose job is to take samples.
- a piece of embroidery demonstrating skill with various stitches
- someone who samples food or drink for its quality
- an observation station that is set up to make sample observations of something
- A device that takes samples.
- A piece of needlework embroidered with a variety of designs.
- A representative selection of a larger group.
- (music) An electronic musical instrument that records and plays back samples of recordings.
noun
- A selection of such samples bound together.
- (UK) A channel or passage of water between sandbanks, or between a sandbank and a seashore.
- (figuratively) A clump or portion of something.
- A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth or a similar material.
- (figuratively) A demonstration, an example, a proof.
- a sample piece of cloth
verb
noun
adj
- (philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation.
- Pertaining to or based on experience, as opposed to theory.
- Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses.
- relying on medical quackery
- derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
noun
- Examination and determination; test.
- The qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of something.
- Trial, attempt.
- The alloy or metal to be assayed.
- The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.
- Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried.
- Tested purity or value.
- a substance that is undergoing an analysis of its components
- a written report of the results of an analysis of the composition of some substance
- an appraisal of the state of affairs
- a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.
verb
noun
- (statistics) Initialism of simple random sample, a sample chosen from a population so that any sample of the same size could have equally likely been chosen.
- (systems engineering) Initialism of system requirement specification.
- (medicine) Initialism of sex reassignment surgery.
- (biochemistry) Initialism of small RNA sequencing.
- (medicine) Initialism of Silver-Russell syndrome.
- (sex) Initialism of same room sex.
- (software engineering) Initialism of software requirement specification.
- (automotive) Initialism of supplemental restraint system or secondary restraint system (car airbags).
- (education, software) Initialism of spaced repetition software.
noun
- someone who conducts a statistical survey
- an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures
- A person occupied with surveying: the process of determining positions on the earth's surface.
- One who carries out a survey or poll.
- (UK) A person charged with inspecting something for the purpose of determining its condition, value, etc.
noun
- (countable) A test or method used for this purpose.
- (medicine) Identifying cases of a disease in a population of asymptomatic persons.
- (business) Identifying latent unsuitabilities in business propositions, job applicants, or investment opportunities.
- (soccer) Shielding.
- (uncountable) Mesh material that is used to screen (as in a "screen door").
- (by extension, uncountable) The examination of any material or persons to detect problems through any of various testing, checking, or filtering processes, as:
- (volleyball) Action done by the serving team to prevent the opposing team from seeing the server and the flight path of the ball.
- The examination and treatment of a material to detect and remove unwanted fractions by passing it through a screen (sieve).
- (in the plural) Material removed by such a process; refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.
- The showing of a film, typically by projecting it on a screen.
- testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics
- the act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it
- fabric of metal or plastic mesh
- the display of a motion picture
verb
noun
- The testing of a product or procedure.
- the act of undergoing testing
- (grammar) The trial number.
- (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
- (law) A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
- An event in which athletes’ or animals’ abilities are tested as they compete for a place on a team, or to move on to the next level of a championship, for example.
- (medicine, sciences, research) A research study to test the effectiveness and safety of a drug, medical procedure, etc.
- A difficult or annoying experience or person; (especially religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety.
- An occasion on which a person or thing is tested to find out how well they perform or how suitable they are.
- (UK) An internal examination set by Eton College.
- an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event
- (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications
- the act of testing something
- trying something to find out about it
- (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law
adj
verb
noun
- (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn
- the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.)
- the people who inhabit a territory or state
- a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area
- the act of populating (causing to live in a place)
- (prison) General population.
- A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.
- (by extension) The people with a given characteristic.
- (computing) The act of filling initially empty items in a collection.
- The people living within a political or geographical boundary.
- (cellular automata) The number of living cells in a pattern.
- (statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.
- (biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.
noun
- (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn
- everything that exists anywhere
- everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
- A whole world, in the sense of perspective or social setting.
- (literature, films) A collection of stories with characters and settings that typically share a continuity but are less interrelated than those of sequels or prequels.
- Everything under consideration.
- (pantheism) A deity who is equivalent to the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos.
- (mathematics) The set of all things considered.
- The sum of everything that exists in the cosmos.
- An entity similar to our universe; one component of a larger entity known as the multiverse.
- An imaginary collection of worlds; the general imaginary world within which a work of fiction takes place, broader than its immediate setting.
- (statistics, psychometrics) The set of all admissible observations.
- (marketing, economics) A sample taken from the population.
name
noun
- (countable, statistics) A statistical study performed using the method.
- (uncountable, statistics) A statistical method used to describe variability among observed correlated variables in terms of one or more unobserved variables (called factors).
- any of several methods for reducing correlational data to a smaller number of dimensions or factors; beginning with a correlation matrix a small number of components or factors are extracted that are regarded as the basic variables that account for the interrelations observed in the data
noun
- (sciences) A portion of the original sample that is representative in nature to that of the original sample, thereby assuring equivalency in results from tests and analysis either upon the subsample or the original material, independent of their size.
- A smaller portion of an original sample, created by trimming, subdividing, splitting or discrete collection of the original sample.
verb
noun
adj
verb
verb
- take a sample of
- (transitive, signal processing) To reduce a continuous signal (such as a sound wave) to a discrete signal.
- (transitive, computer graphics) To make or show something similar to a sample.
- (music, transitive) To reuse a portion of (an existing sound recording) in a new piece of music.
- (transitive) To take or to test a sample or samples of.
noun
- items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
- all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
- a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
- (business) A small piece of some goods, for determining quality, colour, etc., typically given away for free.
- (music) A borrowing of easily recognised phases (or moments) from other music (or movies) in a recording.
- (cooking) A small quantity of food for tasting, typically given away for free.
- A part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen.
- (statistics) A subset or portion of a population that is systematically selected for measurement, observation, or questioning, with the objective of generating statistical information that accurately reflects the characteristics of the entire population.
verb
- take a sample of
- experience briefly
- perceive by the sense of taste
- distinguish flavors
- have flavor; taste of something
- have a distinctive or characteristic taste
- To try by eating a little; to eat a small quantity of.
- (transitive) To sample the flavor of something orally.
- (intransitive, copulative) To have a taste; to excite a particular sensation by which flavor is distinguished.
- (transitive) To identify (a flavor) by sampling something orally.
- To take sparingly.
- (transitive, figurative) To experience.
noun
- a strong liking
- delicate discrimination (especially of esthetic values)
- a brief experience of something
- the faculty of distinguishing sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth
- the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus
- a small amount eaten or drunk
- a kind of sensing; distinguishing substances by means of the taste buds
- A kind of narrow and thin silk ribbon.
- The sense that consists in the perception and interpretation of this sensation.
- Personal preference; liking; predilection.
- (figuratively) A small amount of experience with something that gives a sense of its quality as a whole.
- (countable and uncountable) A person's implicit set of preferences, especially esthetic, though also culinary, sartorial, etc.
- One of the sensations produced by the tongue in response to certain chemicals; the quality of giving this sensation.
- A small sample of food, drink, or recreational drugs.
adj
verb
- take a sample of
- To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.
- examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process
- put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice
- give pain or trouble to
- melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities
- put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
- test the limits of
- make an effort or attempt
- put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of
- To strain; to subject to excessive tests.
- To have or gain knowledge of by experience.
- (nautical) To lie to in heavy weather under just sufficient sail to head into the wind.
- (specifically) To test someone's patience.
- To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms.
- To put to test.
- (law) To put on trial.
- To work on something with one's best effort and focus.
- (with indirect interrogative clause) To attempt to determine (by experiment or effort).
- (slang, chiefly African-American Vernacular, used with another verb) To want, to desire.
- (figuratively, chiefly used in the imperative) To receive an imminent attack; to take.
- To taste, sample, etc.
- (euphemistic, of a couple) To attempt to conceive a child.
- To attempt; to endeavour. Followed by infinitive.
- To make an experiment. Usually followed by a present participle.
noun
- earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
- (programming) A block of code that may trigger exceptions the programmer expects to catch, usually demarcated by the keyword try.
- (American football) A field goal or extra point
- (rugby) A score in rugby league and rugby union, analogous to a touchdown in American football.
- An attempt.
- An act of tasting or sampling.
- (chess) A move that almost solves a chess problem, except that Black has a unique defense.
verb
- take a sample of
- perform in order to get a role
- try something new, as in order to gain experience
- put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
- (intransitive) To undergo a test before being selected; to audition.
- (transitive) To test (something) to see how it works or whether it is suitable.
noun
- the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
- A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
- a venture at something new or different
- the testing of an idea
verb
verb
- To determine by trial or experiment; to find out (if or whether).
- (gambling, transitive) To respond to another player's bet with a bet of equal value.
- To come to a realization of having been mistaken or misled.
- To examine something closely, or to utilize something, often as a temporary alternative.
- (used in the imperative) Used to emphasise a proposition.
- (by extension) Chiefly followed by that: to ensure that something happens, especially by personally witnessing it.
- To have an interview with; especially, to make a call upon; to visit.
- (used in the imperative) To reference or to study for further details.
- (transitive) To perceive or detect someone or something with the eyes, or as if by sight.
- To witness or observe by personal experience.
- (transitive) To wait upon; attend, escort.
- (figuratively) To understand.
- To date frequently.
- To form a mental picture of.
- To include as one of something's experiences.
- To watch (a movie) at a cinema, or a show on television etc.
- (transitive) To foresee, predict, or prophesy.
- To visit for a medical appointment.
- (ergative) To be the setting or time of.
- match or meet
- perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
- make sense of; assign a meaning to
- observe as if with an eye
- deliberate or decide
- be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
- perceive or be contemporaneous with
- date regularly; have a steady relationship with
- conduct someone someplace
- find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort
- take charge of or deal with
- perceive (an idea or situation) mentally
- come together
- see and understand, have a good eye
- go to see for professional or business reasons
- deem to be
- imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind
- go to see for a social visit
- undergo or live through a difficult experience
- go to see a place, as for entertainment
- get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally
- observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect
- see or watch
- receive as a specified guest
intj
noun
- The office of a bishop or archbishop.
- Alternative form of cee; the name of the Latin script letter C/c.
- A diocese or archdiocese: a region of a church, generally headed by a bishop or an archbishop.
- A seat; a site; a place where sovereign, autonomous, or autocephalous power is exercised.
- the seat within a bishop's diocese where the bishop's cathedral is located
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- place into check
- develop (a child's or animal's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control
- slow the growth or development of
- hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of
- abandon the intended prey, turn, and pursue an inferior prey
- hand over something to somebody as for temporary safekeeping
- put a check mark on or near or next to
- stop for a moment, as if out of uncertainty or caution
- block or impede (a player from the opposing team) in ice hockey
- be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
- consign for shipment on a vehicle
- find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort
- be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics
- stop in a chase especially when scent is lost
- make an examination or investigation
- verify by consulting a source or authority
- make cracks or chinks in
- lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits
- be verified or confirmed; pass inspection
- write out a check on a bank account
- become fractured; break or crack on the surface only
- mark into squares or draw squares on; draw crossed lines on
- decline to initiate betting
- arrest the motion (of something) abruptly
- (nautical) To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended.
- (intransitive) To check out, make sense or prove to be the case after verification or interrogation.
- (transitive) To leave with a shipping agent for shipping.
- (transitive) To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack.
- To act as a curb or restraint.
- (informal, transitive) To scold or rebuke someone.
- (transitive) To mark with a check pattern.
- (poker, transitive) To announce that one is remaining in a hand without betting.
- (transitive) To verify the accuracy of a text or translation, usually making some corrections (proofread) or many (copyedit).
- (intransitive, with at) To make a stop; to pause.
- (transitive) To control, limit, or halt.
- (street basketball, transitive) To pass or bounce the ball to an opponent from behind the three-point line and have the opponent pass or bounce it back to start play.
- (chess, transitive) To make a move which puts an adversary's king in check; to put in check.
- (transitive, US, often used with "off") To mark items on a list (with a checkmark or by crossing them out) that have been chosen for keeping or removal or that have been dealt with (for example, completed or verified as correct or satisfactory).
- To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.
- (transitive) To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
- (falconry) To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other birds.
- (sports, transitive) To disrupt another player with the stick or body to obtain possession of the ball or puck.
- (transitive) To verify or compare with a source of information.
- (transitive) To leave in safekeeping.
- (transitive) To inspect; to examine.
noun
- a textile pattern of squares or crossed lines (resembling a checkerboard)
- obstructing an opponent in ice hockey
- the act of inspecting or verifying
- a mark left after a small piece has been chopped or broken off of something
- the bill in a restaurant
- the state of inactivity following an interruption
- additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct
- something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
- (chess) a direct attack on an opponent's king
- the act of restraining power or action or limiting excess
- an appraisal of the state of affairs
- a written order directing a bank to pay money
- a mark indicating that something has been noted or completed etc.
- An inspection or examination.
- (falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other birds. [from 15th c.]
- A lengthwise separation through the growth rings in wood.
- Any fabric woven with such a pattern.
- A small chink or crack.
- (US) An order to a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.
- A token used instead of cash in various contexts, including sign-out of company property or collection of rations (dated), in gaming machines, or in gambling generally.
- (chess) A situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece.
- (US) A bill, particularly in a restaurant.
- (textiles, usually pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.
- A control; a limit or stop.
- A mark, certificate, or token by which errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified.
- (contact sports) A maneuver performed by a player to take another player out of the play.
- (US) A mark (especially a checkmark: ✓) used as an indicator.
adj
intj
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- (transitive) To announce on social media that one has come to a location.
- (transitive) To formally announce one's arrival at a location or event (usually a hotel) to a proprietor or employee of that location or event in order to secure admission, accommodations, or other services.
- (transitive) To seek to verify (a claim or some data).
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- trace
- withdraw money by writing a check
- be verified or confirmed; pass inspection
- try to learn someone's opinions and intentions
- announce one's departure from a hotel
- record, add up, and receive payment for items purchased
- (intransitive) To leave in a hurry.
- (intransitive) To become uninterested in an activity and cease to participate in more than a perfunctory manner; to become uncooperative.
- (intransitive, euphemistic, by extension) To die.
- (transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.
- (intransitive) To prove (after an investigation) to be the case, or to be in order.
- (intransitive) To record one's departure from a workplace, hotel, restaurant, etc.
- (transitive, programming) To obtain source code (or other material) from a source control repository so that one can modify it (and often later check in the modified version back).
- (intransitive) To become catatonic or otherwise nonresponsive.
- (darts) To visit the oche for the last time and clear one's remaining points to win the game.
- (transitive) To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.).
verb
- examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
- hold a review (of troops)
- happen in a particular manner
- fall forward and down
- (intransitive, idiomatic) To create a response or impression.
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see go, over.
- (rugby) To score a try.
- (transitive) To encompass or cover (a subject).
- (graffiti) To spray paint graffiti over someone else's graffiti.
- (transitive, idiomatic) To look at carefully; to scrutinize; to analyze.
- (intransitive, by extension) To convert or switch sides.
verb
noun
adj
noun
noun
- The testing of a product or procedure.
- the act of undergoing testing
- (grammar) The trial number.
- (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
- (law) A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
- An event in which athletes’ or animals’ abilities are tested as they compete for a place on a team, or to move on to the next level of a championship, for example.
- (medicine, sciences, research) A research study to test the effectiveness and safety of a drug, medical procedure, etc.
- A difficult or annoying experience or person; (especially religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety.
- An occasion on which a person or thing is tested to find out how well they perform or how suitable they are.
- (UK) An internal examination set by Eton College.
- an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event
- (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications
- the act of testing something
- trying something to find out about it
- (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law